Estudio del viento en el entorno de la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica de la UCLV para la instalación de aerogeneradores urbanos
Fecha
2012-07-20
Autores
Martínez Castillo, Manuel Alejandro
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Este Trabajo de Diploma discute el uso del software de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) como una herramienta para ayudar en la evaluación de los efectos provocados por los obstáculos y la rugosidad del terreno al paso del viento en el buen funcionamiento y eficiencia del aerogenerador CETA-Solar. El análisis de parámetros como intensidad de turbulencias y vectores de velocidades, sus direcciones y contornos de presiones en la zona analizada permite tomar criterios y recomendar acciones para trabajos en el mismo tema y para la instalación de pequeños aerogeneradores en un futuro definiendo las regiones con mejores condiciones. El autor realizó un estudio de los antecedentes de trabajos sobre simulaciones del viento en terrenos abiertos y ciudades en busca de criterios a tener en cuenta para el desarrollo de la investigación, se exponen conceptos básicos y criterios tomados de investigadores en el tema. Para la realización de los ensayos se utilizó el software ANSYS 13.0-CFX, el cual se seleccionó bajo el criterio de sus potencialidades de cálculo así como de la estrategia del mismo en la resolución de problemas de mecánica de los fluidos. Para las simulaciones se consideran las características del terreno, las velocidades predominantes y los rumbos donde se registraban las mayores frecuencias de incidencias (Anexo-1), se realizaron 5 ensayos bajo estas condiciones, bajo el modelo de turbulencia k-Épsilon.
Realizado el análisis de los resultados obtenidos mediante los ensayos numéricos para varias direcciones y diferentes velocidades del viento, se comprueba que las condiciones del viento son desfavorables para la instalación de aerogeneradores de eje horizontal debido a la presencia de turbulencias y perturbaciones en el viento.
This Diploma Work discusses the use of software computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool to assist in the evaluation of the effects caused by obstacles and terrain roughness to the passage of wind in the functioning and efficiency of the turbine CETA -Solar. The analysis of parameters such as turbulence intensity and velocity vectors, their addresses and pressure contours in the scanned area can take criteria and recommend actions to work on the same subject and for the installation of small wind turbines in the future by defining the regions with better conditions. The author conducted a study of the history of work on simulations of the wind in open areas and cities in search of criteria to consider for the development of research, presents basic concepts and criteria derived from researchers in the field. To carry out the tests using the software ANSYS CFX 13.0, which was selected at the discretion of their potential calculation and the same strategy in solving problems of fluid mechanics. For the simulations we consider the terrain, prevailing speeds and directions which recorded the highest frequency of incidents (Annex-1), 5 trials were performed under these conditions, the model of k-epsilon turbulence. Following the analysis of the results obtained by numerical tests for several different directions and wind speeds, it is found that wind conditions are unfavorable for the installation of horizontal axis wind turbines due to the presence of turbulence and shocks in the wind.
This Diploma Work discusses the use of software computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a tool to assist in the evaluation of the effects caused by obstacles and terrain roughness to the passage of wind in the functioning and efficiency of the turbine CETA -Solar. The analysis of parameters such as turbulence intensity and velocity vectors, their addresses and pressure contours in the scanned area can take criteria and recommend actions to work on the same subject and for the installation of small wind turbines in the future by defining the regions with better conditions. The author conducted a study of the history of work on simulations of the wind in open areas and cities in search of criteria to consider for the development of research, presents basic concepts and criteria derived from researchers in the field. To carry out the tests using the software ANSYS CFX 13.0, which was selected at the discretion of their potential calculation and the same strategy in solving problems of fluid mechanics. For the simulations we consider the terrain, prevailing speeds and directions which recorded the highest frequency of incidents (Annex-1), 5 trials were performed under these conditions, the model of k-epsilon turbulence. Following the analysis of the results obtained by numerical tests for several different directions and wind speeds, it is found that wind conditions are unfavorable for the installation of horizontal axis wind turbines due to the presence of turbulence and shocks in the wind.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Aerogeneradores Urbanos, Viento / Estudio, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas