Clasificación y priorización de riesgos tecnológicos para la Defensa Civil en la Empresa Cervecera “Antonio Díaz Santana”
Fecha
2016-06
Autores
Javier Alejandro, Pérez Isaac
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se realiza la clasificación y priorización de riesgos tecnológicos existentes en la Empresa Cervecera “Antonio Díaz Santana”. Se comenzó partiendo de un profundo estudio de la tecnología para la producción de cerveza en dicha fábrica y estableciendo referentes bibliográficos de la defensa civil de Cuba para la evaluación de los riesgos de accidentes en la industria química.
Se realiza la evaluación de riesgos de este proceso utilizando el software Hazoptimizer 5.0, modificado, culminando el trabajo de Gopal, 2015, analizando cuatro áreas de riesgo y evaluándose un total 38 desviaciones, obteniendo la matriz general de riesgo del proceso de producción de cerveza en esta entidad, quedando como área más riesgosa el AR7 (sistema de refrigeración), constituyendo esto un riesgo de intoxicación masiva (escape de amoníaco) con peligro para la vida.
Se aplica además la metodología de la Agencia Internacional de Energía Atómica (AIEA), para determinar si ésta entidad clasifica como entidad de peligro mayor, se suponen tres posibles escenarios para accidentes, los dos primeros un escape de amoníaco con formación de nube tóxica, dos variantes, escape a través de un orificio en el tanque y el otro con ruptura total del tanque y el tercer escenario se consideró como un escape de fuel oíl a través de un orificio, provocando el derrame de combustible y un posible incendio, como resultado se obtiene que la entidad clasifica como industria con riesgo de accidentes graves y se prioriza para la toma de medidas el área de refrigeración, AR7, coincidiendo con los resultados previamente obtenidos. Finalmente se plantea la organización y dirección del sistema de aviso que debe ejecutarse ante una situación de catástrofe según el Sistema de la Defensa Civil Nacional.
In the present work the classification and prioritization of existing technological risks in the brewing company "Antonio Diaz Santana" is performed. It started based on a thorough study of the technology for the production of beer in the factory and establishing bibliographic references of the civil defense of Cuba to assess the risk of accidents in the chemical industry. Risk assessment of this process is performed using the modified Hazoptimizer 5.0 software, culminating work Gopal, 2015 analyzing four areas of risk and evaluated a total 38 deviations, obtaining the overall risk matrix production process of beer in this entity, remaining as the riskiest area AR7 (cooling system), constituting a risk of this mass poisoning (ammonia slip) with danger to life. The methodology of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) also applies, to determine whether the entity classified as most dangerous entity, three possible scenarios for accidents, the first two ammonia slip with smog formation, two variants, escape through a hole in the tank and the other with complete rupture of the tank are assumed and the third stage was escape of fuel oil to through a hole causing fuel spillage and possible fire, as a result is obtained that an entity classifies as an industry with risk of serious accidents and priority measures for making the cooling area, AR7, coinciding with the previously obtained results. Finally the organization and management of the warning system to be executed before a disaster situation according to the system of the National Civil Defense arises.
In the present work the classification and prioritization of existing technological risks in the brewing company "Antonio Diaz Santana" is performed. It started based on a thorough study of the technology for the production of beer in the factory and establishing bibliographic references of the civil defense of Cuba to assess the risk of accidents in the chemical industry. Risk assessment of this process is performed using the modified Hazoptimizer 5.0 software, culminating work Gopal, 2015 analyzing four areas of risk and evaluated a total 38 deviations, obtaining the overall risk matrix production process of beer in this entity, remaining as the riskiest area AR7 (cooling system), constituting a risk of this mass poisoning (ammonia slip) with danger to life. The methodology of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) also applies, to determine whether the entity classified as most dangerous entity, three possible scenarios for accidents, the first two ammonia slip with smog formation, two variants, escape through a hole in the tank and the other with complete rupture of the tank are assumed and the third stage was escape of fuel oil to through a hole causing fuel spillage and possible fire, as a result is obtained that an entity classifies as an industry with risk of serious accidents and priority measures for making the cooling area, AR7, coinciding with the previously obtained results. Finally the organization and management of the warning system to be executed before a disaster situation according to the system of the National Civil Defense arises.
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Palabras clave
Empresa Cervecera “Antonio Díaz Santana”, Industria Química, Riesgos Tecnológicos, Evaluación de los Riesgos, Defensa Civil