Caracterización emocional de los cuidadores de pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo por hemodiálisis.
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Fecha
2011-06-24
Autores
Rescova Fortes, Estefania Vivalda
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación persigue como objetivo caracterizar emocionalmente a los cuidadores de pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo por hemodiálisis. La misma se realizó en el Hospital Quirúrgico Universitario “Arnaldo Milián Castro” de la ciudad de Santa Clara, en el periodo comprendido entre Febrero y Mayo de 2010.
Se realizó un estudio no experimental exploratorio descriptivo, mediante un paradigma de investigación mixto y un muestreo de tipo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Los instrumentos de evaluación psicológica fueron la entrevista semiestructurada, el Inventario de Ansiedad rasgo-estado (IDARE), el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado (IDERE), el Inventario de la expresión de la ira (STAXI), el autorreporte vivencial, el Inventario de resiliensia (CD-RISC) y el test de Completamiento de frases ROTTER.
Entre los principales resultados de la investigación se destacan la ansiedad, la depresión y la ira como estados emocionales predominantes en la muestra, los cuales se matizan por la incertidumbre del proceso hemodialítico, por la responsabilidad de ser el principal cuidador y por la reestructuración “obligada” que se hace a partir del cuidado enfermo. De igual forma se determina que los cuidadores vivencian conflictos y una marcada carencia afectiva a partir del poco apoyo familiar que reciben.
Finalmente se ofrecen conclusiones y recomendaciones dirigidas a la continuación de la investigación y al desarrollo de estrategias psicológicas que puedan atenuar la sintomatología vivenciada por los cuidadores.
The purpose of this study is to characterize emotionally caregivers of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis. It took place at the teaching hospital, "Arnaldo Milian Castro" in the city of Santa Clara, in the period between March 1 and April 30, 2010. We conducted a descriptive exploratory study was not experimental, using a mixed research paradigm, through a random sampling probalístico simple type. The research universe was made up of the 130 caregivers who are in the process of hemodialysis, and the total of 60 people. The instruments were used a set of psychological assessment techniques consist of: Semi-structured interview, Inventory State-Trait Anxiety (STAI), Depression Inventory, trait-state (IDER), Inventory of the expression of anger (STAXI) Experiential self-report, Inventory resiliensia (CD-RISC) and the test of Completion of phrases ROTTER. As The result of the investigation was diagnosed with anxiety, depression and anger as the main dominant emotional states in the sample and that they are present at the hemodialysis process uncertainty, and the responsibility of being the primary caregiver, and restructuring "forced "Provided by the caregiver for their ill family member. They also showed that these caregivers live in many conflicts and there is a marked lack of affection for the little support they receive from their families.
The purpose of this study is to characterize emotionally caregivers of patients undergoing renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis. It took place at the teaching hospital, "Arnaldo Milian Castro" in the city of Santa Clara, in the period between March 1 and April 30, 2010. We conducted a descriptive exploratory study was not experimental, using a mixed research paradigm, through a random sampling probalístico simple type. The research universe was made up of the 130 caregivers who are in the process of hemodialysis, and the total of 60 people. The instruments were used a set of psychological assessment techniques consist of: Semi-structured interview, Inventory State-Trait Anxiety (STAI), Depression Inventory, trait-state (IDER), Inventory of the expression of anger (STAXI) Experiential self-report, Inventory resiliensia (CD-RISC) and the test of Completion of phrases ROTTER. As The result of the investigation was diagnosed with anxiety, depression and anger as the main dominant emotional states in the sample and that they are present at the hemodialysis process uncertainty, and the responsibility of being the primary caregiver, and restructuring "forced "Provided by the caregiver for their ill family member. They also showed that these caregivers live in many conflicts and there is a marked lack of affection for the little support they receive from their families.
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Palabras clave
Estados Emocionales, Cuidador Principal, Tratamiento renal, Hemodialisis