Diseño de una planta de procesado para el aprovechamiento de lactosuero de quesería
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Autores
Rodríguez Moreno, Eliany Rosa
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Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
El trabajo que se presenta a continuación se realiza en la Empresa de Productos Lácteos Escambray de Cumanayagua. Se pretende el diseño de una planta de producción de lactosuero en polvo con el objetivo de obtener un concentrado proteico deshidratado con un 60 % (p/p). Para la realización del trabajo, como documentación preparatoria del proyecto primeramente se hizo un estudio bibliográfico que incluye la caracterización general del lactosuero, afectaciones al medio ambiente y las diversas aplicaciones que pueden evitar su desaprovechamiento, así como el estudio del mercado y de los diferentes equipos para la puesta en marcha de la obra. Se describió la tecnología utilizada para el diseño, la que está dividida en pretratamiento y tratamiento del lactosuero acondicionado. Se calcularon los balances de masa y energía para cada etapa, se realizó la selección preliminar del equipamiento a utilizar y posteriormente se diseñaron algunos de los equipos principales que conforman el proceso tecnológico. Se diseñó óptimamente el intercambiador de calor de placas, equipo fundamental en la etapa de pasteurización; y finalmente se efectuó un análisis económico del proceso determinándose una estimación del costo de inversión, el costo de fabricación de los equipos y el costo total de la producción además del estudió de la rentabilidad donde se calcularon los criterios VAN, TIR y PRN.
The work presented below is carried out at the Escambray Cumanayagua Dairy Products Company. The aim is to design a powdered whey production plant in order to obtain a dehydrated protein concentrate with 60% (w / w). To carry out the work, as a preparatory documentation for the project, a bibliographic study was first made that includes the general characterization of the whey, effects on the environment and the various applications that can prevent its waste, as well as the study of the market and the different equipment. for the start-up of the work. The technology used for the design was described, which is divided into pre-treatment and treatment of conditioned whey. The mass and energy balances were calculated for each stage, the preliminary selection of the equipment to be used was made and later some of the main equipment that make up the technological process was designed. The plate heat exchanger, fundamental equipment in the pasteurization stage, was optimally designed; Finally, an economic analysis of the process was carried out, determining an estimate of the investment cost, the cost of manufacturing the equipment and the total cost of production, as well as a study of the profitability where the VAN, TIR and PRN criteria were calculated.
The work presented below is carried out at the Escambray Cumanayagua Dairy Products Company. The aim is to design a powdered whey production plant in order to obtain a dehydrated protein concentrate with 60% (w / w). To carry out the work, as a preparatory documentation for the project, a bibliographic study was first made that includes the general characterization of the whey, effects on the environment and the various applications that can prevent its waste, as well as the study of the market and the different equipment. for the start-up of the work. The technology used for the design was described, which is divided into pre-treatment and treatment of conditioned whey. The mass and energy balances were calculated for each stage, the preliminary selection of the equipment to be used was made and later some of the main equipment that make up the technological process was designed. The plate heat exchanger, fundamental equipment in the pasteurization stage, was optimally designed; Finally, an economic analysis of the process was carried out, determining an estimate of the investment cost, the cost of manufacturing the equipment and the total cost of production, as well as a study of the profitability where the VAN, TIR and PRN criteria were calculated.