Adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Fecha
2012-06-25
Autores
Rodríguez Becerra, Isis
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar el comportamiento de las variables psicosociales y clínicas que se relacionan con la adherencia terapéutica, en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, que asisten al Centro de Atención y Educación al Diabético de Villa Clara. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística incidental casual de 45 pacientes.
Se empleó una alternativa metodológica mixta a partir del enfoque predominante o principal, constituyendo el alcance cuantitativo, el que pauta la conducción epistemológica del estudio. Se aplicó un sistema de técnicas integrado por entrevistas y cuestionarios. Para el análisis de los datos se realizó el procesamiento estadístico computacional utilizando el paquete de ciencias sociales (SPSS). Este se complementó con análisis cualitativo de datos, a partir de los métodos: análisis de contenido categorial y triangulación.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran bajos niveles de adherencia terapéutica en los pacientes objeto de estudio, los cuales solo se involucran en el cumplimiento de su régimen en periodos de descontrol metabólico o cuando vivencian complicaciones asociadas a la enfermedad. Se evidencian dificultades en la relación médico – paciente, en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, así como inadecuados estilos de afrontamiento a la misma, que pudieran estar influyendo en los bajos niveles de adherencia presentados. Sin embargo, se identifican como facilitadores de este proceso el apoyo social y el dominio de las características de su régimen terapéutico.
Finalmente se ofrecen conclusiones y recomendaciones válidas para los profesionales encargados de la atención de estos pacientes.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of characterizing the behavior of the psico-social and clinical variables those are related with the therapeutic adherence, in patient with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 that attend the Center of Attention and Education to the Diabetic of Villa Clara. The sample utilized was 45 patients' casual incidental probabilistic. A mixed methodological alternative was used starting from the predominant or main focus, constituting the quantitative reach, the one that averages the epistemological conduction of the study. For the analysis of the data was carried out the prosecution stadistical computational using the package of social sciences (SPSS). This it was supplemented with qualitative analysis of data, starting from the methods: content analysis by categories and triangulation. The results show low levels of therapeutic adherence in the patients study object, those which only are involved in the execution of their regime in periods of metabolic uncontrolled or when have experience complications associated to the illness. Difficulties are evidenced in the relationship doctor - patient, in the knowledge of the illness, as well as inadequate confrontation styles to the same one that you/they could be influencing in the first floor presented levels of adherence. However, they are obtained as facilitators of this process the social support and the domain of the characteristics of their therapeutic régime. Finally they offer conclusions and valid recommendations for students and professionals interested in developing this investigation area.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of characterizing the behavior of the psico-social and clinical variables those are related with the therapeutic adherence, in patient with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 that attend the Center of Attention and Education to the Diabetic of Villa Clara. The sample utilized was 45 patients' casual incidental probabilistic. A mixed methodological alternative was used starting from the predominant or main focus, constituting the quantitative reach, the one that averages the epistemological conduction of the study. For the analysis of the data was carried out the prosecution stadistical computational using the package of social sciences (SPSS). This it was supplemented with qualitative analysis of data, starting from the methods: content analysis by categories and triangulation. The results show low levels of therapeutic adherence in the patients study object, those which only are involved in the execution of their regime in periods of metabolic uncontrolled or when have experience complications associated to the illness. Difficulties are evidenced in the relationship doctor - patient, in the knowledge of the illness, as well as inadequate confrontation styles to the same one that you/they could be influencing in the first floor presented levels of adherence. However, they are obtained as facilitators of this process the social support and the domain of the characteristics of their therapeutic régime. Finally they offer conclusions and valid recommendations for students and professionals interested in developing this investigation area.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, Adherencia Terapéutica, Diabetes Mellitus type 2, Therapeutic Adherence