Evaluación de defectos de laminación en domos de calderas de vapor con empleo de la norma API 579
Fecha
2021
Autores
Fernández Hernández, Leonardo
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial
Resumen
Se aborda la evaluación de defectos de laminación en domos de calderas de vapor con empleo de la norma API 579. Fue realizada con esta intención una amplia revisión bibliográfica, para elaborar un estado del arte sobre el defecto y la norma API 579, que es la utilizada para esta función. Para validar la aplicabilidad de la referida norma, fue evaluado como caso de estudio el domo de la caldera 3 de la UEB Central Majibacoa, de la provincia de Las Tunas. Los parámetros necesarios para la evaluación por la norma fueron tomados de los resultados de inspección de inspección visual, de líquidos penetrantes y ultrasonidos de haz normal. La inspección con líquidos penetrantes fue realizada con Penetrante 996P, con Limpiador 9 PR 5 y con Revelador 9 D1B de la firma Ardrox. Para el dimensionamiento con equipos de ultrasonido se utilizó el modelo Sitescan 250 de la firma Sonatest, y un palpador de onda longitudinal emisor y receptor (bicristal) de diámetro 10 mm y frecuencia 2,25 MHz. Una vez aplicados los niveles de evaluación de la norma API 579 se concluye que el domo no cumple con los criterios necesarios para continuar su explotación; razón por la cual se recomienda sustituir el mismo, o reparar la sección crítica estudiada. Se valida la aplicabilidad de la norma API 579 al estudio de defectos de laminación de domos de calderas para dictaminar sobre su capacidad para el servicio.
The evaluation of lamination defects in steam boiler domes is addressed using the API 579 standard. A broad bibliographic review was carried out with this intention, to prepare a state of the art on the defect and the API 579 standard, which is the used for this function. To validate the applicability of the referred standard, the dome of boiler 3 of the Central Majibacoa UEB, in the province of Las Tunas, was evaluated as a case study. The parameters necessary for the evaluation by the standard were taken from the results of visual inspection inspection, penetrating liquids and normal beam ultrasound. The inspection with penetrating liquids was carried out with Penetrant 996P, with Cleaner 9 PR 5 and with Developer 9 D1B from Ardrox. For sizing with ultrasound equipment, the Sitescan 250 model from Sonatest was used, and a longitudinal wave probe transmitter and receiver (bicristal) with a diameter of 10 mm and a frequency of 2.25 MHz. Once the levels of evaluation of the API 579 standard concludes that the dome does not meet the necessary criteria to continue its operation; reason for which it is recommended to replace it, or repair the critical section studied. The applicability of the API 579 standard to the study of lamination defects in boiler domes is validated to determine their capacity for service.
The evaluation of lamination defects in steam boiler domes is addressed using the API 579 standard. A broad bibliographic review was carried out with this intention, to prepare a state of the art on the defect and the API 579 standard, which is the used for this function. To validate the applicability of the referred standard, the dome of boiler 3 of the Central Majibacoa UEB, in the province of Las Tunas, was evaluated as a case study. The parameters necessary for the evaluation by the standard were taken from the results of visual inspection inspection, penetrating liquids and normal beam ultrasound. The inspection with penetrating liquids was carried out with Penetrant 996P, with Cleaner 9 PR 5 and with Developer 9 D1B from Ardrox. For sizing with ultrasound equipment, the Sitescan 250 model from Sonatest was used, and a longitudinal wave probe transmitter and receiver (bicristal) with a diameter of 10 mm and a frequency of 2.25 MHz. Once the levels of evaluation of the API 579 standard concludes that the dome does not meet the necessary criteria to continue its operation; reason for which it is recommended to replace it, or repair the critical section studied. The applicability of the API 579 standard to the study of lamination defects in boiler domes is validated to determine their capacity for service.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Calderas de Vapor, Defectos de Laminación, Medición de Espesores, Norma API 579