Evaluación conjunta de los índices de capacidad de los elementos de máquinas en los acoplamientos entre piezas tipo agujero y tipo eje
Fecha
2015-07-25
Autores
García Martínez, Irisbel de la Caridad
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
Debido a las inexactitudes de los métodos de producción, es imposible fabricar partes de máquinas que tengan exactamente las dimensiones escogidas durante el diseño y que todas las piezas de una producción en serie posean dimensiones geométricas exactamente iguales, todo proceso de elaboración está afectado por desviaciones que se manifiestan matemáticamente en forma de varianza. Además en la práctica las piezas se manifiestan conjugada en forma de ajuste. Es por esto que se hace necesario evaluar de forma conjunta los índices de capacidad de los elementos de máquinas en los acoplamientos entre piezas tipo agujero y tipo eje. Con este trabajo se proporciona información del dominio de los procesos de manufactura. Se ofrece una búsqueda de información para designar la capacidad del proceso y se explica en qué se basa el método Seis Sigma (6). Se realiza el análisis de un caso práctico, poniendo en práctica el problema propuesto, por lo tanto, se determinan diámetros y juegos máximos, mínimos y medios a partir de las mediciones realizadas a columnas y agujeros. Finalmente se simula el comportamiento de los índices de capacidad Cp y Cpk con ayuda de un tabulador Excel.
Due to the inaccuracies of the production methods, it is impossible to manufacture parts of machines that have the chosen dimensions exactly during the design and that all the pieces of a production in series possess geometric exactly same dimensions, all elaboration process is affected by deviations that are manifested mathematically in variance form. Also in the practice the pieces are manifested conjugated in adjustment form. It is for this reason that it becomes necessary to evaluate in a combined way the indexes of capacity of the elements of machines in the joinings between pieces type hole and type axis. With this work information of the domain of the factory processes is provided. He offers a search of information to designate the capacity of the process and it is explained in that the method Six Sigma (6) is based. He is carried out the analysis of a case study, applying the proposed problem, therefore, diameters and maximum games are determined, minima and means starting from the mensurations carried out to columns and holes. Finally, the behavior of the indexes of capacity is simulated Cp and Cpk with the help of a tabulator Excel.
Due to the inaccuracies of the production methods, it is impossible to manufacture parts of machines that have the chosen dimensions exactly during the design and that all the pieces of a production in series possess geometric exactly same dimensions, all elaboration process is affected by deviations that are manifested mathematically in variance form. Also in the practice the pieces are manifested conjugated in adjustment form. It is for this reason that it becomes necessary to evaluate in a combined way the indexes of capacity of the elements of machines in the joinings between pieces type hole and type axis. With this work information of the domain of the factory processes is provided. He offers a search of information to designate the capacity of the process and it is explained in that the method Six Sigma (6) is based. He is carried out the analysis of a case study, applying the proposed problem, therefore, diameters and maximum games are determined, minima and means starting from the mensurations carried out to columns and holes. Finally, the behavior of the indexes of capacity is simulated Cp and Cpk with the help of a tabulator Excel.
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Palabras clave
Control de Calidad, Diseño Industrial, Método Seis Sigma