Estudio de las características del viento turbulento en la azotea del edificio de Medicina del Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo
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Hernández Hernández, Jorge Félix
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Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
En el presente Trabajo de Diploma primeramente se realizó un estudio bibliográfico en cuanto a los principales parámetros y equipamientos para estudios del viento urbano mediante anemómetros emplazados sobre cubierta de edificios, para utilizarlo como premisa para el caso del Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC). En el Capítulo II se estableció la metodología propuesta por el autor mediante el uso de las herramientas OWC Wizard y WAsP Climate Analyst del software WAsP y el software Microsoft Excel, para caracterizar el viento en cuanto a la variabilidad de la velocidad y dirección, densidad de potencia disponible, la intensidad de turbulencia longitudinal y el comportamiento del perfil vertical de velocidad, a partir de los datos recopilados durante 9 meses de medición por dos anemómetros de hélice emplazados en el Instituto. Finalmente se obtuvo el comportamiento horario, diario y mensual de la velocidad media del viento según los datos de ambos anemómetros, así como rosas de vientos para cada mes y para toda la campaña en distribuciones de 24 sectores. Se estimaron los coeficientes de fricción y de longitud de rugosidad característicos de la zona de estudio, mientras que la densidad de potencia promedio disponible fue de 14 W/m2 y 18 W/m2 para todos los datos del anemómetro 1 y 2 respectivamente. Conjuntamente se determinó que la intensidad de turbulencia longitudinal en el orden del 60% de los casos tomó valores asimilables para aerogeneradores urbanos y que el Modelo Normal de Turbulencia difiere con respecto a las observaciones de la intensidad de turbulencia longitudinal para ambos anemómetros, basándose en el percentil 90.
In the present Diploma Work, a bibliographic study was first carried out regarding the main parameters and equipment for urban wind studies using anemometers located on the roof of buildings, to be used as a premise for the case of the Technological Institute of Santo Domingo (INTEC). In Chapter II the methodology proposed by the author was established through the use of the OWC Wizard and WAsP Climate Analyst tools from the WAsP software and the Microsoft Excel software, to characterize the wind in terms of the variability of speed and direction, power density available, the intensity of longitudinal turbulence and the behavior of the vertical velocity profile, based on the data collected during 9 months of measurement by two propeller anemometers located at the Institute. Finally, the hourly, daily and monthly behavior of the average wind speed was obtained according to the data of both anemometers, as well as wind roses for each month and for the entire campaign in distributions of 24 sectors. The coefficients of friction and roughness length characteristic of the study area were estimated, while the average available power density was 14 W/m2 and 18 W/m2 for all anemometer 1 and 2 data respectively. Jointly it was determined that the intensity of longitudinal turbulence in the order of 60% of the cases took assimilable values for urban wind turbines and that the Normal Turbulence Model differs with respect to the observations of the intensity of longitudinal turbulence for both anemometers, based on the 90th percentile.
In the present Diploma Work, a bibliographic study was first carried out regarding the main parameters and equipment for urban wind studies using anemometers located on the roof of buildings, to be used as a premise for the case of the Technological Institute of Santo Domingo (INTEC). In Chapter II the methodology proposed by the author was established through the use of the OWC Wizard and WAsP Climate Analyst tools from the WAsP software and the Microsoft Excel software, to characterize the wind in terms of the variability of speed and direction, power density available, the intensity of longitudinal turbulence and the behavior of the vertical velocity profile, based on the data collected during 9 months of measurement by two propeller anemometers located at the Institute. Finally, the hourly, daily and monthly behavior of the average wind speed was obtained according to the data of both anemometers, as well as wind roses for each month and for the entire campaign in distributions of 24 sectors. The coefficients of friction and roughness length characteristic of the study area were estimated, while the average available power density was 14 W/m2 and 18 W/m2 for all anemometer 1 and 2 data respectively. Jointly it was determined that the intensity of longitudinal turbulence in the order of 60% of the cases took assimilable values for urban wind turbines and that the Normal Turbulence Model differs with respect to the observations of the intensity of longitudinal turbulence for both anemometers, based on the 90th percentile.