Análisis y determinación de los parámetros críticos de la sección de electrólisis en la nueva planta de cloro-sosa
Fecha
2019
Autores
Reyes Cordero, Ronald
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Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Resumen
El presente estudio estuvo dirigido a la realización de un diagnóstico tecnológico de la sección de electrólisis para la puesta en marcha de la nueva planta cloro–sosa de la Empresa Elpidio Sosa más conocida como Electroquímica de Sagua o (ELQUIM), en una primera parte se abordó sobre la importancia del cloro como producto, por sus propiedades, sus derivados y su aplicación para las diferentes esferas económicas. Seguidamente se abordaron los antecedentes de la industria del cloro en Cuba , se describieron y compararon las tres tecnologías de electrólisis más utilizadas a nivel mundial, como son las tecnologías con celdas de mercurio, de diafragma y la de membrana, exponiéndose las principales ventajas por la que fue seleccionada la tecnología con membrana para la reconversión del ELQUIM.En una segunda etapa se realizó una descripción general del proceso, así como del equipo más importante de la sección, el electrolizador, identificando los principales parámetros críticos como son la temperatura, la densidad de corriente, que es considerado como un parámetro energético, el pH, la presión y la calidad de la salmuera,que influyen directamente en la ocurrencia de fallas del equipo, influyendo de forma determinante en la vida útil de la membrana, dando lugar a criterios para que la membrana alcance el ciclo de vida programado por el proveedor de la tecnología. Además se estimó económicamente el costo de la sección de electrólisis siendo la misma de 1049332.04 USD y un gasto en el mantenimiento a los 5 años de 5246.65 USD
The present study was directed to the realization of a technological diagnosis of the electrolysis section for the start-up of the new chlorine-soda plant of the Elpidio Sosa Company, better known as Electroquímica de Sagua or (ELQUIM), in a first part addressed the importance of chlorine as a product, for its properties, its derivatives and its application for different economic spheres. The background of the Cuba chlorine industry was then discussed, the three most commonly used electrolysis technologies worldwide were described and compared, such as mercury cell, diaphragm and membrane technologies, exposing the main advantages of the that the technology with membrane was selected for the conversion of the ELQUIM. In a second stage a general description of the process was made, as well as the most important equipment of the section, the electrolyser, identifying the main critical parameters such as temperature, density of current, which is considered as an energy parameter, the pH, pressure and quality of the brine, which directly influence the occurrence of equipment failures, having a decisive influence on the membrane's useful life, giving rise to criteria so that the membrane reaches the life cycle programmed by the technology provider. In addition, the cost of the electrolysis section was estimated economically, being the same as 1049332.04 USD and 5 year maintenance expense of 5246.65 USD
The present study was directed to the realization of a technological diagnosis of the electrolysis section for the start-up of the new chlorine-soda plant of the Elpidio Sosa Company, better known as Electroquímica de Sagua or (ELQUIM), in a first part addressed the importance of chlorine as a product, for its properties, its derivatives and its application for different economic spheres. The background of the Cuba chlorine industry was then discussed, the three most commonly used electrolysis technologies worldwide were described and compared, such as mercury cell, diaphragm and membrane technologies, exposing the main advantages of the that the technology with membrane was selected for the conversion of the ELQUIM. In a second stage a general description of the process was made, as well as the most important equipment of the section, the electrolyser, identifying the main critical parameters such as temperature, density of current, which is considered as an energy parameter, the pH, pressure and quality of the brine, which directly influence the occurrence of equipment failures, having a decisive influence on the membrane's useful life, giving rise to criteria so that the membrane reaches the life cycle programmed by the technology provider. In addition, the cost of the electrolysis section was estimated economically, being the same as 1049332.04 USD and 5 year maintenance expense of 5246.65 USD
Descripción
Palabras clave
Industria del Cloro, Reconversión, Confiabilidad, Disponibilidad, Mantenibilidad, Ciclo de Vida, Electroquímica de Sagua (ELQUIM), Villa Clara