Aplicación de métodos matemáticos en la determinación de uso de aditivos en la industria del papel
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Acosta Valladares, Anamary
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Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La Unidad Empresarial de Base (UEB) Papelera Damují pertenece a la Empresa del Papel y se dedica a la producción de papeles y cartones industriales, que abarca diferentes tipos de cartulinas, liners y fundamentalmente cartoncillo para corrugar. En el proceso de fabricación del papel intervienen gran número de factores entre los que destaca la mezcla fibrosa de que está constituido el mismo. En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio de la calidad de las materias primas y los aditivos químicos (almidón y AKD) utilizados en la producción de cartoncillo para corrugar y su influencia en las propiedades de resistencia del producto final.
En la actualidad los métodos matemáticos y los softwares existentes nos posibilitan enfrentar el procesamiento y análisis de alternativas cada vez más complejas. Además permiten no solo el desarrollo de los procesos incrementando al máximo la eficiencia en la utilización de los recursos, sino también la dirección de estos con vista a mantenerlos siempre en las condiciones óptimas.
Para el desarrollo de la investigación se usó como herramienta fundamental la modelación matemática, con el propósito de encontrar un óptimo en las condiciones de operación que garanticen los estándares de calidad acorde a lo exigido por la norma. Mediante los modelos estimados se obtuvo como resultado que es necesario emplear una formulación de la pasta compuesta en su totalidad por recorte de buena calidad para cumplir con lo estipulado por la norma. Además se comprobó que el almidón es el aditivo que mayor influencia ejerce sobre la mejora de los resultados de las propiedades físicas del papel evaluadas que fueron el CMT, SCT, RCT y CCT y se determinó mediante el método del paso ascendente que la cantidad de almidón necesaria para cumplir con los requisitos de calidad es de 0,028 kg almidón/kg papel.
The Base Business Unit (UEB) Papelera Damují belongs to the Paper Company and is dedicated to the production of industrial papers and cartons, which covers different types of cardboards, liners and mainly paperboard. In the paper manufacturing process, they intervene great number of factors among which the fibrous mixture of which it is constituted stands out. In the present work, a study of the quality of the raw materials and the chemical additives (starch and AKD) used in the production of paperboard to corrugate and its influence on the endurance properties of the final product was carried out. At present the mathematical methods and the existing software allow us to face the processing and analysis of increasingly complex alternatives. They also allow not only the development of the processes, maximizing efficiency in the use of resources, but also the management of these with a view to keeping them always in optimal conditions. For the development of the research, mathematical modeling was used as a fundamental tool, with the purpose of finding an optimum in the operating conditions that guarantee the quality standards according to the requirements of the standard. By means of the estimated models, it was obtained as a result that it is necessary to use a paste formulation composed entirely of good quality cut to comply with the stipulations of the standard. It was also found that starch is the additive that has the greatest influence on the improvement of the results of the physical properties of the evaluated paper that were the CMT, SCT, RCT and CCT and was determined by the method of the ascending step that the amount of starch necessary to meet the quality requirements is 0,028 kg starch / kg paper.
The Base Business Unit (UEB) Papelera Damují belongs to the Paper Company and is dedicated to the production of industrial papers and cartons, which covers different types of cardboards, liners and mainly paperboard. In the paper manufacturing process, they intervene great number of factors among which the fibrous mixture of which it is constituted stands out. In the present work, a study of the quality of the raw materials and the chemical additives (starch and AKD) used in the production of paperboard to corrugate and its influence on the endurance properties of the final product was carried out. At present the mathematical methods and the existing software allow us to face the processing and analysis of increasingly complex alternatives. They also allow not only the development of the processes, maximizing efficiency in the use of resources, but also the management of these with a view to keeping them always in optimal conditions. For the development of the research, mathematical modeling was used as a fundamental tool, with the purpose of finding an optimum in the operating conditions that guarantee the quality standards according to the requirements of the standard. By means of the estimated models, it was obtained as a result that it is necessary to use a paste formulation composed entirely of good quality cut to comply with the stipulations of the standard. It was also found that starch is the additive that has the greatest influence on the improvement of the results of the physical properties of the evaluated paper that were the CMT, SCT, RCT and CCT and was determined by the method of the ascending step that the amount of starch necessary to meet the quality requirements is 0,028 kg starch / kg paper.