Subjetividades en blanco y negro: configuración de las dinámicas de reproducción de igualdad desigualdad racial en jóvenes universitarios
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Amarante González, Cindy
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Psicología
Resumen
La racialidad como problema social que se expresa en múltiples espacios y grupos, impacta
negativamente en los sujetos individuales y en su sistema de relaciones sociales a través de
procesos de diferenciación que los coloca en posición de superioridad-inferioridad. La
investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las implicaciones de la subjetividad en la reproducción
de igualdad desigualdad racial en las relaciones raciales de jóvenes universitarios, posicionándose
en el enfoque cualitativo. Se emplearon como técnicas. Grupos de discusión, observación
científica, completamiento de frases, cuestionario cualitativo y escala de distancia social, para la
construcción e interpretación de la información, el análisis de contenido.
Las dinámicas de reproducción de igualdad-desigualdad racial fueron develadas como
establecimiento de límites diferenciadores que reconocen o estigmatizan socialmente a los grupos
raciales, reproducción de posiciones de superioridad-inferioridad, asignación de roles laborales y
discriminación, las cuales se configuraron subjetivamente como estereotipos, prejuicios y
comportamiento racial. Los estereotipos develados diferenciaron a blancos y negros en relación a
aspectos físicos, características personológicas, conducta social, competencias y aficiones, en
cuanto a oportunidades y limitaciones en el proceso de contratación laboral, así como con
respecto a la distancia social entre un grupo racial y otro que develó prejuicios hacia el grupo
racial negro y mestizo. Los prejuicios raciales se expresaron en la negativa de establecer
relaciones de pareja con personas negras y mestizas, siendo los primeros los más prejuiciados.
Los comportamientos discriminatorios se expresan en el rechazo a personas negras por
estereotipos configurados que estigmatizan al grupo racial y a personas blancas por pertenecer al
exogrupo.
Raciality as a social problem expressed in multiple spaces and groups negatively impacts individual subjects and their system of social relationships through differentiation processes that place them in a position of superiority inferiority. The objective of the research was to analyze the implications of subjectivity in the reproduction of equality racial inequality in the racial relations of university students, positioning themselves in the qualitative approach. The following were used as techniques: discussion groups, scientific observation, sentence completion, qualitative questionnaire and social distance scale; for the construction and interpretation of information, content analysis. The dynamics of reproduction of equality racial inequality were unveiled as establishment of differentiating limits that recognize or socially stigmatize racial groups, reproduction of positions of superiority-inferiority, assignment of work roles and discrimination, which were subjectively configured as stereotypes, prejudices and racial behavior. The unveiled stereotypes differentiated whites and blacks in relation to physical aspects, personological characteristics, social behavior, competences and hobbies; in terms of opportunities and limitations in the hiring process, as well as with respect to the social distance between one racial group and another that revealed prejudices towards the black and mestizo racial group. Racial prejudice was expressed in the refusal to establish relationships with black and mestizo people, the former being the most prejudiced. The discriminatory behaviors are expressed in the rejection of black people by configured stereotypes that stigmatize the racial group and white people because
Raciality as a social problem expressed in multiple spaces and groups negatively impacts individual subjects and their system of social relationships through differentiation processes that place them in a position of superiority inferiority. The objective of the research was to analyze the implications of subjectivity in the reproduction of equality racial inequality in the racial relations of university students, positioning themselves in the qualitative approach. The following were used as techniques: discussion groups, scientific observation, sentence completion, qualitative questionnaire and social distance scale; for the construction and interpretation of information, content analysis. The dynamics of reproduction of equality racial inequality were unveiled as establishment of differentiating limits that recognize or socially stigmatize racial groups, reproduction of positions of superiority-inferiority, assignment of work roles and discrimination, which were subjectively configured as stereotypes, prejudices and racial behavior. The unveiled stereotypes differentiated whites and blacks in relation to physical aspects, personological characteristics, social behavior, competences and hobbies; in terms of opportunities and limitations in the hiring process, as well as with respect to the social distance between one racial group and another that revealed prejudices towards the black and mestizo racial group. Racial prejudice was expressed in the refusal to establish relationships with black and mestizo people, the former being the most prejudiced. The discriminatory behaviors are expressed in the rejection of black people by configured stereotypes that stigmatize the racial group and white people because