Estudio prospectivo de instalaciones industriales para cultivo intensivo de macroalgas marinas en Cuba
Fecha
2017
Autores
Arias Molina, Eliané
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
En el actual siglo se han intensificado los proyectos de investigación encaminados al desarrollo de una tecnología viable que permita obtener biomasa algal a partir de macroalgas. El presente trabajo persigue realizar un estudio prospectivo, de desarrollo de instalaciones, en Cuba, para el cultivo intensivo de macroalgas utilizando el CO2 residual proveniente de gases de combustión. Se propuso el diseño de una planta industrial de cultivo intensivo de la macroalga Ulva Lactuca, aledaña a la “Termoeléctrica Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” (TEC). Se diseñó el sistema de biorreacción tipo estanques abiertos rectangulares aireados enriquecidos con 3000 ppm de C02 de los gases y que al menos exige 75 biorreactores de 1000 m3 (100x25x0,4) de capacidad y un tiempo espacial de 8 horas como criterio fundamental de operación. Se incluyó el diseño de la instalación considerando los sistemas de acondicionamiento de gases y agua de mar para alcanzar al menos un pH de 6,8, requisito exigido para el buen desarrollo del cultivo de la Ulva Lactuca. El análisis técnico económico de la inversión integrada (Planta de biomasa y biodiesel) indica que no es viable efectuar una inversión como la propuesta por el resultado negativo del VAN, sin embargo con el incremento de la producción se garantiza la factibilidad del proyecto con un periodo de recuperación de 3 años aproximadamente sobre la base del actual precio del biodiesel. La repercusión ambiental es favorable, esta implica una menor disposición del CO2 residual en la atmósfera, que en este caso alcanzaría unas 1299 t/año.
In the current century the investigation projects have been intensified guided to the development of a viable technology that allows obtaining biomass algal starting from macroalgaes. The present work pursues to carry out a prospective study, of development of facilities, in Cuba, for the intensive cultivation of macroalgas using the residual CO2 coming from combustion gases. It intended the design of an industrial plant of intensive cultivation of the macroalga Ulva Lactuca, near to the Thermoelectric “Carlos Manuel de Cespedes” (TEC). The system of bioreaction type aerated rectangular open ponds was designed enriched with 3000 ppm of C02 of the gases and that at least it demands 75 ponds of 1000 m3 (100x25x0,4) of capacity and a space time of 8 hours like fundamental approach of operation. The design of the installation was included considering the systems of adjust of gases and seawater to reach a pH of 6,8, at least requirement demanded for the good development of the cultivation of the Ulva Lactuca. The economic technical analysis of the integrated investment (Plant of biomass and biodiesel) it indicates that it is not viable to make an investment like the proposal for the negative result of the VAN, however with the increment of the production the feasibility of the project is guaranteed approximately with a period of 3 years recovery on the base of the current price of the biodiesel. The environmental repercussion is favourable, this it implies a smaller disposition of the residual CO2 in the atmosphere that would reach some 1299 t/year in this case.
In the current century the investigation projects have been intensified guided to the development of a viable technology that allows obtaining biomass algal starting from macroalgaes. The present work pursues to carry out a prospective study, of development of facilities, in Cuba, for the intensive cultivation of macroalgas using the residual CO2 coming from combustion gases. It intended the design of an industrial plant of intensive cultivation of the macroalga Ulva Lactuca, near to the Thermoelectric “Carlos Manuel de Cespedes” (TEC). The system of bioreaction type aerated rectangular open ponds was designed enriched with 3000 ppm of C02 of the gases and that at least it demands 75 ponds of 1000 m3 (100x25x0,4) of capacity and a space time of 8 hours like fundamental approach of operation. The design of the installation was included considering the systems of adjust of gases and seawater to reach a pH of 6,8, at least requirement demanded for the good development of the cultivation of the Ulva Lactuca. The economic technical analysis of the integrated investment (Plant of biomass and biodiesel) it indicates that it is not viable to make an investment like the proposal for the negative result of the VAN, however with the increment of the production the feasibility of the project is guaranteed approximately with a period of 3 years recovery on the base of the current price of the biodiesel. The environmental repercussion is favourable, this it implies a smaller disposition of the residual CO2 in the atmosphere that would reach some 1299 t/year in this case.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Cultivo de Macroalga, Macroalga Ulva Lactuca, Diseño de Planta Industrial, Termoeléctrica "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes"