Metodologías de cálculo para el desarrollo de softwares de aplicación en soldadura
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Oquendo Pérez, Yanlys
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
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El presente trabajo aborda metodologías de cálculo para el desarrollo de software de aplicación en soldadura. En el mismo se realiza una revisión y mejora de la metodología de cálculo analítica del Colectivo de Autores del CIS, para el régimen de soldadura mediante procesos GMAW y SAW. A partir de lo anterior se elaboran los diagramas de flujo y hojas de cálculo en MATLAB que automatizan, hasta cierto grado, el establecimiento del régimen para estos procesos. Se realiza una revisión de manuales actualizados de procedimientos, de autores de alto prestigio en el campo de la soldadura, donde se brindan recomendaciones de los regímenes, lo que permite realizar un estudio comparativo de estos con los resultados a partir de la aplicación de la metodología analítica. Se comprobó, además, que los regímenes calculados muestran un elevado nivel de coincidencia con los recomendados, por lo que se considera que dicho método analítico puede servir como base para la elaboración de un software de cálculo. Por otro lado, se realiza un estudio del marco teórico que permitió definir que los cuatro métodos de cálculo de temperatura de precalentamiento más completos y universalmente aceptados, son los métodos A y B de la norma europea EN 1011-2, el método de control de hidrógeno del Código AWS D1.1 y el llamado “método de Yurioka”. Se realizaron comparaciones de los resultados del software SOFTPRECAL, desarrollado en el CIS, con cálculos manuales de la aplicación de dichos métodos, para diferentes tipos de aceros, lo que permitió validar este programa. Se comprobó la ventaja de la aplicación de los métodos establecidos por la norma EN 1011-2 para el cálculo de la temperatura de precalentamiento, tanto desde el punto de vista técnico como económico.
The present work deals with calculation methodologies for the development of application software in welding. In the same one is realized a revision and improvement of the methodology of analytical calculation of the Collective of Authors of the CIS, for the regime of welding by processes GMAW and SAW. From the above, flow diagrams and worksheets are elaborated in MATLAB that automates, to some degree, the establishment of the regime for these processes. A review of updated manuals of procedures, from authors of high prestige in the field of welding, where recommendations of the regimes are offered, allows to make a comparative study of these with the results from the application of the methodology analytics. It was also verified the calculated regimes show a high level of agreement with the recommended ones, that’s why it is considered that this analytical method can serve as base for the elaboration of calculation software. On the other hand, a study of the theoretical framework that allowed to define that the four methods of calculating temperature of preheating more complete and universally accepted, are methods A and B of the European norm EN 1011-2, the method of control of Hydrogen from the AWS Code D1.1 and the so-called "Yurioka’s method". Comparisons of the results of the software "SOFTPRECAL", developed in the CIS, with manual calculations of the application of these methods were made, for different types of steels, which allowed to validate this program. The advantage of applying the methods established by standard EN 1011-2 for the calculation of the preheating temperature, both from a technical and economic point of view, was checked.
The present work deals with calculation methodologies for the development of application software in welding. In the same one is realized a revision and improvement of the methodology of analytical calculation of the Collective of Authors of the CIS, for the regime of welding by processes GMAW and SAW. From the above, flow diagrams and worksheets are elaborated in MATLAB that automates, to some degree, the establishment of the regime for these processes. A review of updated manuals of procedures, from authors of high prestige in the field of welding, where recommendations of the regimes are offered, allows to make a comparative study of these with the results from the application of the methodology analytics. It was also verified the calculated regimes show a high level of agreement with the recommended ones, that’s why it is considered that this analytical method can serve as base for the elaboration of calculation software. On the other hand, a study of the theoretical framework that allowed to define that the four methods of calculating temperature of preheating more complete and universally accepted, are methods A and B of the European norm EN 1011-2, the method of control of Hydrogen from the AWS Code D1.1 and the so-called "Yurioka’s method". Comparisons of the results of the software "SOFTPRECAL", developed in the CIS, with manual calculations of the application of these methods were made, for different types of steels, which allowed to validate this program. The advantage of applying the methods established by standard EN 1011-2 for the calculation of the preheating temperature, both from a technical and economic point of view, was checked.