Propuesta de cambios tecnológicos para la reducción de índices de consumo en la destilería “Heriberto Duquesne”
Fecha
2021
Autores
Lamas Pérez, Yodalys
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se estudiaron las etapas de fermentación y destilación del proceso de obtención de alcohol extrafino en la destilería Heriberto Duquesne. En la fermentación se desarrolló un diseño experimental del tipo enrejado simple evaluando el impacto del jugo secundario, jugo de los filtros y miel final en el grado alcohólico y la eficiencia en la fermentación. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en los experimentos que se utilizó jugo de los filtros y miel, alcanzando una eficiencia en la etapa de 85% y mosto fermentado con 6 oGL. Los resultados se procesaron estadísticamente, permitiendo determinar el modelo que describe el comportamiento de ambos parámetros. Mediante los balances de materiales y energía se calcularon los consumos de vapor y agua de enfriamiento en cada columna, obteniendo un índice de consumo de vapor de 0,566 t/hL provenientes del generador de vapor, así como un índice de agua de enfriamiento de 13,34 m3/hL alcohol. Para lograr un ahorro en el consumo de vapor en esta etapa se dimensionaron tres ebullidores para las columnas lavadora, recuperadora y desmetilizadora, logrando reducir los índices de consumo para el vapor y el agua hasta valores de 0,46 t vapor/hL y 8,63 m3 de agua/hL respectivamente. El costo total inversionista de la propuesta asciende a $ 80 863 y el ahorro del consumo de agua y combustible permitió alcanzar como indicadores dinámicos de rentabilidad un VAN de 1 329 952,84, una TIR de 104,6%, recuperándose la inversión en dos años.
In the present work the stages of fermentation and distillation of the process of extrafine alcohol obtaining studied in the Heriberto distillery Duquesne. In the fermentation an experimental design of the put grates on type was developed simple evaluating the impact of the secondary juice, juice of the filters and final honey in the alcoholic degree and the efficiency in the fermentation. The best results were obtained in the experiments that were used juice of the filters and honey, having reached an efficiency in the 85% stage and must fermented with 6 or GL. The results were processed statistically, allowing to determine the model that describes the behavior of both parameters. By means of the balance of materials and energy the consumptions of steam and water of cooling in each column calculated, obtaining an index of originating 0.566 steam consumption of t/hL of the steam generator, as well as a water index of 13.34 cooling of m3 / hL alcohol. In order to obtain a saving in the steam consumption in this stage three ebullidores for the columns were determine the proportions washing, recuperadora and desmetilizadora, managing respectively to reduce to the indices of consumption for the steam and the water until 0.46 values of vapor/hL and 8.63 t m3 of agua/hL. The total cost investor of the proposal ascends to $ 80 863 and the saving of the consumption of water and fuel allowed to reach like dynamic indicators of yield VAN of 1 329 952.84, a TIR of 104.6%, recovering the investment in two years.
In the present work the stages of fermentation and distillation of the process of extrafine alcohol obtaining studied in the Heriberto distillery Duquesne. In the fermentation an experimental design of the put grates on type was developed simple evaluating the impact of the secondary juice, juice of the filters and final honey in the alcoholic degree and the efficiency in the fermentation. The best results were obtained in the experiments that were used juice of the filters and honey, having reached an efficiency in the 85% stage and must fermented with 6 or GL. The results were processed statistically, allowing to determine the model that describes the behavior of both parameters. By means of the balance of materials and energy the consumptions of steam and water of cooling in each column calculated, obtaining an index of originating 0.566 steam consumption of t/hL of the steam generator, as well as a water index of 13.34 cooling of m3 / hL alcohol. In order to obtain a saving in the steam consumption in this stage three ebullidores for the columns were determine the proportions washing, recuperadora and desmetilizadora, managing respectively to reduce to the indices of consumption for the steam and the water until 0.46 values of vapor/hL and 8.63 t m3 of agua/hL. The total cost investor of the proposal ascends to $ 80 863 and the saving of the consumption of water and fuel allowed to reach like dynamic indicators of yield VAN of 1 329 952.84, a TIR of 104.6%, recovering the investment in two years.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Industria del Azúcar, Alcoholes del Azúcar, Fermentación