Análisis y modelación de domos de aluminio para la construcción de tanques de combustible
Fecha
2012-06-25
Autores
Pérez León, Raimundo Francisco
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
La utilización de domos de aluminio como cubiertas de tanques de almacenamiento de combustibles, en sustitución de los techos de acero, que comúnmente desempeñaban esta función, es la razón que ha motivado este trabajo. Para el desarrollo del mismo, se realizó una profunda revisión de todas las normas y códigos que al tema se refieren, para dar la mejor solución a la modelación y análisis de la estructura.
El trabajo se acometió en tres etapas fundamentales, primero se realizó un estudio bibliográfico y análisis de la base teórica, relacionado con el tema de los domos, ya que en nuestro país no es común la utilización de estas estructuras como solución de los problemas ingenieriles. En la segunda fase del trabajo se desarrolla la base teórica que da continuidad a la modelación de la estructura. Es un objetivo fundamental en este trabajo automatizar todos los procesos de cálculos para facilitar el desarrollo del mismo, por lo que son enumerados y descritos los diferentes programas habilitados para la modelación y análisis de la estructura del domo.
Finalmente en una tercera etapa, se aplicó la metodología de cálculo propuesta para la determinación de las solicitaciones. Del mismo modo se ofrece los resultados obtenidos, además, una comparación cualitativa y cuantitativa de las ventajas que garantiza emplear una solución partiendo de las normativas cubanas y secciones que puedan producirse en el país, con respecto al proyecto Vacono, hasta este momento el principal suministrador de estas estructuras a nuestro país. Se efectúa una evaluación del comportamiento de un domo de 74 m de diámetro al modificar la flecha, determinándose la influencia de este parámetro en las principales variables de respuesta del domo. Igualmente se estudia la influencia del análisis no líneal y del cambio en las condiciones de apoyo como aspectos esenciales de las invariantes de la modelación, ofreciéndose conclusiones al respecto. Finalmente se identifican aspectos del proyecto de la vacono que introducen reservas de capacidad de carga en la estructura de forma ilícita, puesto que contradicen las normas cubanas, o que resultan aparentemente contradictorios.
The use of aluminum dome covers for fuel storage tanks, replacing steel roofs which often played this role, is the reason for this work. For its development, we conducted a thorough review of all standards and codes that relate to the subject, to give the best solution to the modeling and analysis of the structure. Starting with a literature review and analysis of the theoretical basis, related to the issue of domes, as in our country is not common to use these structures as a solution of engineering problems, settling down the state of the art in this subject. In the second phase, work develops the theoretical background that gives continuity to the modeling of the structure. Is a key objective in this work automate all processes of calculations to facilitate its development, so they are listed and described the various calculation sheets in Math Cad created, aimed to enable the modeling of the structure of the dome. Finally, the calculation methodology proposed was applied for analysis of a 74 m diameter dome, and the obtained results are discussed. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the dome response advise the use a solution based on the Cuban normative and sections produced by ALCUBA, with regard to the Vacono project, which is the main supplier of these structures to our country, for the moment. An evaluation of the influence of the dome sag in the dome behavior for a 74 m diameter dome is made, being determined the influence of this parameter in the main response variables of the dome. Also the influence of P-Δ analysis was presented for this structure as well as the influence of the change under the support conditions as essential aspects of the structural modeling. Also, some aspects of the Vacono project are identified and commented, concerning to excessive bearing capacity reservations introduced in an illicit way, since they contradict the Cuban normative, or that they are seemingly contradictory.
The use of aluminum dome covers for fuel storage tanks, replacing steel roofs which often played this role, is the reason for this work. For its development, we conducted a thorough review of all standards and codes that relate to the subject, to give the best solution to the modeling and analysis of the structure. Starting with a literature review and analysis of the theoretical basis, related to the issue of domes, as in our country is not common to use these structures as a solution of engineering problems, settling down the state of the art in this subject. In the second phase, work develops the theoretical background that gives continuity to the modeling of the structure. Is a key objective in this work automate all processes of calculations to facilitate its development, so they are listed and described the various calculation sheets in Math Cad created, aimed to enable the modeling of the structure of the dome. Finally, the calculation methodology proposed was applied for analysis of a 74 m diameter dome, and the obtained results are discussed. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the dome response advise the use a solution based on the Cuban normative and sections produced by ALCUBA, with regard to the Vacono project, which is the main supplier of these structures to our country, for the moment. An evaluation of the influence of the dome sag in the dome behavior for a 74 m diameter dome is made, being determined the influence of this parameter in the main response variables of the dome. Also the influence of P-Δ analysis was presented for this structure as well as the influence of the change under the support conditions as essential aspects of the structural modeling. Also, some aspects of the Vacono project are identified and commented, concerning to excessive bearing capacity reservations introduced in an illicit way, since they contradict the Cuban normative, or that they are seemingly contradictory.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Análisis de Domos de Aluminio, Modelación de Domos de Aluminio, Construcción de Tanques de Combustible, Analysis, Aluminum, Construction