Comparación económica y ambiental de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas mediante el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida
Fecha
2021
Autores
Lamar Avila, Yasmín Amanda
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Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
En el siguiente trabajo se realiza el diseño de dos tecnologías para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales domésticas provenientes de la UCLV, por el mal estado de la planta de tratamiento actual y la capacidad de la misma que no permite asumir la descarga de aguas residuales que genera la población actual. Se analizan dos alternativas un sistema convencional que consiste en un sedimentador primario y un filtro percolador como tratamiento secundario, seguido de un sedimentador secundario y un sistema natural que consistió de un sedimentador primario y un humedal subsuperficial horizontal; obteniéndose un ahorro de $ 66 180 con la utilización del sistema natural. Para evaluar ambientalmente los sistemas se utiliza la metodología de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida considerando las fases de construcción y operación de ambas tecnologías, observándose que en la etapa de construcción en el sistema natural se obtienen disminuciones del impacto de un 99 % en todas las categorías y en la etapa de operación cuando se utiliza esta tecnología se obtiene una reducción total del impacto ambiental en todas las categorías; lo que demuestra la importancia del empleo de estos sistemas naturales de tratamiento para lograr la sostenibilidad de las estaciones depuradoras.
In the following work, the design of two technologies for the treatment of domestic wastewater from the UCLV is carried out, due to the poor condition of the current treatment plant and its capacity that does not allow to assume the discharge of wastewater that generates the current population. Two alternatives are analyzed a conventional system consisting of a primary settler and a trickling filter as secondary treatment, followed by a secondary settler and a natural system that consisted of a primary settler and a horizontal subsurface wetland; obtaining a saving of $ 66,180 with the use of the natural system. To environmentally evaluate the systems, the Life Cycle Analysis methodology is used considering the construction and operation phases of both technologies, observing that in the construction stage in the natural system, impact decreases of 99% are obtained in all categories. and in the operation stage, when this technology is used, a total reduction of the environmental impact is obtained in all categories; This demonstrates the importance of using these natural treatment systems to achieve the sustainability of treatment plants.
In the following work, the design of two technologies for the treatment of domestic wastewater from the UCLV is carried out, due to the poor condition of the current treatment plant and its capacity that does not allow to assume the discharge of wastewater that generates the current population. Two alternatives are analyzed a conventional system consisting of a primary settler and a trickling filter as secondary treatment, followed by a secondary settler and a natural system that consisted of a primary settler and a horizontal subsurface wetland; obtaining a saving of $ 66,180 with the use of the natural system. To environmentally evaluate the systems, the Life Cycle Analysis methodology is used considering the construction and operation phases of both technologies, observing that in the construction stage in the natural system, impact decreases of 99% are obtained in all categories. and in the operation stage, when this technology is used, a total reduction of the environmental impact is obtained in all categories; This demonstrates the importance of using these natural treatment systems to achieve the sustainability of treatment plants.
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