Aplicación del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida y Análisis de Peligros y Punto de Control Crítico en la producción de carne de res del Matadero “Chichi Padrón” de la empresa Cárnica de Villa Clara
Fecha
2014-06-25
Autores
Boza Mendoza, Yaidely
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se aplica la combinación del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) y el Análisis de Peligro y Puntos de Control Críticos (HACCP) en la etapa industrial del proceso de obtención de carne de res para la determinación de los riesgos, de este proceso, a la salud humana y al medioambiente. Se ofrecen los pasos principales a seguir y se aplican al matadero Chichi Padrón de la ciudad de Santa Clara. La aplicación de la metodología del ACV se realiza sobre la base de los requisitos establecidos por la Norma ISO 14040:2009 y se utiliza el software Sima Pro 7.3 empleando el método ReCipe. Del análisis realizado se obtiene que el ganado vacuno es lo que más influye en la mayoría de las 18 categorías de impacto analizadas, y la categoría más afectada es la eutrofización de las aguas, los puntos críticos de control del proceso identificados fueron el ganado vacuno, el descuere y el almacenamiento. Para la disminución del impacto ambiental y los daños a la salud se proponen un grupo de acciones que de forma general influirán en el proceso, entre las que se destacan la aplicación detécnicas deminimización de los residuos líquidos yla propuesta preliminar de un sistema de tratamiento de estos efluentes, esta última es analizada económicamente demostrando su factibilidad.
Presently work is applied the combination of the Analysis of Cycle of Life (ACV) and the Analysis of Danger and Critical Points of Control (HACCP) in the industrial stage of the process of obtaining of head meat for the determination of the risks, of this process, to the human health and the environmental. They offer the main steps to continue and they are applied to the slaughterhouse Chichi Padron of Santa Clara's city. The application of the methodology of the ACV is carried out on the base of the requirements settled down by the Norma ISO 14040:2009 and the software Sima Pro is used 7.3 using the method ReCipe. Of the carried out analysis it is obtained that the bovine livestock is it that more it influences in most of the 18 analyzed impact categories, and the affected category is the eutrophication of the waters, the critical points of control of the identified process were the bovine livestock, the to remove leather and the storage. For the decrease of the environmental impact and the damages to the health intend a group of actions that in a general way they will influence in the process, among those that stand out the application of technical of minimization of the liquid residuals and the preliminary proposal of a system of treatment of these residual water, this last one is analyzed demonstrating their feasibility economically.
Presently work is applied the combination of the Analysis of Cycle of Life (ACV) and the Analysis of Danger and Critical Points of Control (HACCP) in the industrial stage of the process of obtaining of head meat for the determination of the risks, of this process, to the human health and the environmental. They offer the main steps to continue and they are applied to the slaughterhouse Chichi Padron of Santa Clara's city. The application of the methodology of the ACV is carried out on the base of the requirements settled down by the Norma ISO 14040:2009 and the software Sima Pro is used 7.3 using the method ReCipe. Of the carried out analysis it is obtained that the bovine livestock is it that more it influences in most of the 18 analyzed impact categories, and the affected category is the eutrophication of the waters, the critical points of control of the identified process were the bovine livestock, the to remove leather and the storage. For the decrease of the environmental impact and the damages to the health intend a group of actions that in a general way they will influence in the process, among those that stand out the application of technical of minimization of the liquid residuals and the preliminary proposal of a system of treatment of these residual water, this last one is analyzed demonstrating their feasibility economically.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Ciclo de Vida, Cycle of Life, Gestión Ambiental, Environmental Administration, Industria de Alimentos, Food Industry, Análisis de Peligro, Puntos de Control Críticos