Datación y caracterización de la fachada ecléctica en la ciudad de Santa Clara
Fecha
2018-06
Autores
Pérez Gómez, Laritza
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Arquitectura
Resumen
La investigación caracteriza de forma estilística y tipológica las fachadas de las
viviendas de medianos ingresos de la trama compacta del centro histórico de la
ciudad de Santa Clara, considerando su evolución por etapas diacrónicas. Se
verifica a través de las dataciones la existencia de variantes formales en las
fachadas de la casa ecléctica de Santa Clara. A partir del análisis de la muestra se
determinó el desarrollo de tres variantes denominadas: Ecléctico Romántico (1906-
1926), Ecléctico Académico (1914-1936) y Ecléctico Evolucionado (1926- 1942), las
que se solapan entre sí durante su evolución. Cada una de estas etapas se
encuentran condicionadas por la economía del período en que se desarrollan. Se
realiza una síntesis del estado socioeconómico y demográfico de la etapa en que
se desarrolla cada variante y se caracterizan de forma genérica y posteriormente de
manera más detallada cada uno de los elementos que componen la fachada,
observándose una profusa decoración en el eclecticismo romántico, luego el
académico se caracteriza por cánones y motivos de academia en su decoración, y
concluye con el ecléctico evolucionado, que presenta cambios tipológicos más que
estilísticos. Finalmente se realiza un análisis de confiabilidad de la muestra para
determinar su nivel de precisión y distribución uniforme en el período.
The research characterizes in a stylistic and typological way the facades of the houses of medium income of the compact plot of the historical center of the city of Santa Clara, considering its evolution by diachronic stages. It is verified the existence of formal variants in the facades of Santa Clara's eclectic house. From the analysis of the sample, the development of three variants named: Romantic Eclectic (1906-1926), Academic Eclectic (1914-1936) and Evolved Eclectic (1926-1942) was determined, which overlap each other during their evolution. Each of these stages are conditioned by the economy of the period in which they are developed. A summary of the socio-economic and demographic status of the stage in which each variant is developed is carried out, and each of the elements that make up the façade are characterized in a generic and later manner, showing a profuse decoration in the romantic eclecticism, then the academic is characterized by canons and motifs of academia in its decoration, and concludes with the evolved eclectic, which presents typological rather than stylistic changes. Finally, a reliability analysis of the sample is carried out to determine its level of precision and uniform distribution in the period.
The research characterizes in a stylistic and typological way the facades of the houses of medium income of the compact plot of the historical center of the city of Santa Clara, considering its evolution by diachronic stages. It is verified the existence of formal variants in the facades of Santa Clara's eclectic house. From the analysis of the sample, the development of three variants named: Romantic Eclectic (1906-1926), Academic Eclectic (1914-1936) and Evolved Eclectic (1926-1942) was determined, which overlap each other during their evolution. Each of these stages are conditioned by the economy of the period in which they are developed. A summary of the socio-economic and demographic status of the stage in which each variant is developed is carried out, and each of the elements that make up the façade are characterized in a generic and later manner, showing a profuse decoration in the romantic eclecticism, then the academic is characterized by canons and motifs of academia in its decoration, and concludes with the evolved eclectic, which presents typological rather than stylistic changes. Finally, a reliability analysis of the sample is carried out to determine its level of precision and uniform distribution in the period.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Eclectisismo, Evolución, Fachadas, Variantes Formales, Eclecticism, Evolution, Facades, Formal Variants