Uso tradicional de plantas medicinales como antiasmáticas y anticatarrales en el municipio Santa Clara
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2014-06-25
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Bouchrane, Edi
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Los estudios etnobotánicos constituyen la base para el desarrollo de programas encaminados a obtener el máximo conocimiento sobre el uso de la medicina tradicional, el enriquecimiento del acervo cultural y la mejor utilización del patrimonio de las plantas medicinales. Con la presente investigación se pretende evaluar el estado actual del conocimiento tradicional sobre el empleo de plantas medicinales como antiasmáticas y/o anticatarrales por la población del municipio de Santa Clara. Para ello se realizó un estudio etnobotánico mediante un diseño observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, sobre el uso tradicional de las plantas medicinales con acción antiasmáticas y/o anticatarrales en la población del municipio de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, en la etapa comprendida entre diciembre 2013 y abril 2014. Se utilizó el método de la encuesta, se elaboró y validó un cuestionario que incluyó los elementos clásicos y necesarios para este tipo de estudio. Se aplicaron 97 encuestas a pobladores del área de salud perteneciente al Policlínico "José Ramón León Acosta" a través de un muestreo al azar que incluyó a personas de uno y otro sexo de diferentes edades, obteniendo como resultado la identificación de 24 familias y 31 especies de plantas conocidas como antiasmáticas y/o anticatarrales, las familias más representadas fueron Rutáceas (4), Labiadas (3), Liliácea, Anonáceas y Malváceas (2), el resto de las familias son las que aparecieron con solo una especie citada. Las formas de preparación más usuales incluyen infusión, decocción y la planta cruda. La especie de mayor índice de valor de uso (IVU) es el Aloe barbadensis Mill (Sábila) y las de mayor nivel de uso significativo (UST) el Aloe barbadensis Mill (Sábila), Origanum vulgare L. (Orégano francés), Eucaliptus maculata Hook (Eucalipto) y Citrus aurantium L. (Naranja agria). Después de realizado el análisis de los resultados obtenidos la investigación revela que el conocimiento tradicional sobre el empleo de plantas medicinales como antiasmáticas y/o anticatarrales permanece en la población del Área de salud del Policlínico ―José Ramón León Acosta‖ del municipio Santa Clara.
Ethnobotanical studies consist of the basis for the development of programs to get maximum knowledge about the use of traditional medicine, the enrichment of the cultural heritage and the best use of the patrimonial of medicinal plants.With the present investigation, the current state of traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants as anti-asthmatic and / or cough and cold medicines for the population of the municipal of Santa Clara is evaluated. Therefore an ethnobotanical study was conducted using a descriptive and observational, cross-sectional design, on the traditional use of medicinal plants with antiasthmatic action and / or cough and cold medicines in the population of the municipal of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, in a period between December 2013 and April 2014. A survey method was used,with the elaboration and validation of questionnaires that includes the classics and necessary elements for this type of study . 97 surveys were applied to residents of the area belonging to the health area of the Polyclinic "José Ramón Acosta León" through a random sample that included people of both sexes of different ages, resulting in the identification of 24 families and 31 species of plants known as anti-asthmatic and / or cough and cold medicines, the most represented families were Rutáceas (4), Labiatae (3), Liliaceae, Malvaceae Anonáceas and (2) the rest of the families were the ones that appeared with only one cited species.The most common forms of preparation includes infusion, decoction and the crude plant. The species with greatest index value of use (UVI) is the Aloe barbadensis Mill (Aloe) and higher level of significant use (UST) Aloe barbadensis Mill (Aloe), Origanum vulgare L. (oregano French), Eucalyptus maculata Hook (Eucalyptus) and Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange). After completing the analysis of the obtained results of the research, reveals that the traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants as anti-asthmatic and / or cough and cold medicines remains in the area of the population of the health area of the Polyclinic "José Ramón Acosta León" of the municipal of Santa Clara.
Ethnobotanical studies consist of the basis for the development of programs to get maximum knowledge about the use of traditional medicine, the enrichment of the cultural heritage and the best use of the patrimonial of medicinal plants.With the present investigation, the current state of traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants as anti-asthmatic and / or cough and cold medicines for the population of the municipal of Santa Clara is evaluated. Therefore an ethnobotanical study was conducted using a descriptive and observational, cross-sectional design, on the traditional use of medicinal plants with antiasthmatic action and / or cough and cold medicines in the population of the municipal of Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, in a period between December 2013 and April 2014. A survey method was used,with the elaboration and validation of questionnaires that includes the classics and necessary elements for this type of study . 97 surveys were applied to residents of the area belonging to the health area of the Polyclinic "José Ramón Acosta León" through a random sample that included people of both sexes of different ages, resulting in the identification of 24 families and 31 species of plants known as anti-asthmatic and / or cough and cold medicines, the most represented families were Rutáceas (4), Labiatae (3), Liliaceae, Malvaceae Anonáceas and (2) the rest of the families were the ones that appeared with only one cited species.The most common forms of preparation includes infusion, decoction and the crude plant. The species with greatest index value of use (UVI) is the Aloe barbadensis Mill (Aloe) and higher level of significant use (UST) Aloe barbadensis Mill (Aloe), Origanum vulgare L. (oregano French), Eucalyptus maculata Hook (Eucalyptus) and Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange). After completing the analysis of the obtained results of the research, reveals that the traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants as anti-asthmatic and / or cough and cold medicines remains in the area of the population of the health area of the Polyclinic "José Ramón Acosta León" of the municipal of Santa Clara.
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Estudio Etnobotánico, Plantas Antiasmáticas, Plantas Anticatarrales, Ethnobotanical Studies