Fenómenos de degradación en infraestructura sobre pilotes en el mar
Fecha
2018
Autores
Muñoz Sañudo, Guillermo Alejandro
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
El presente trabajo de diploma estudia los fundamentos teóricos sobre los principales fenómenos de degradación en estructuras pilotadas. Se describen las condiciones de explotación en ambiente marino en función de la composición del agua de mar, la temperatura, la presión hidrostática, la acción de las mareas y el spray salino. Se definen las principales zonas de exposición marina y su vinculación con los fenómenos de degradación que provocan. Aspectos que se manifiestan en la instalación offshore, Delfinario Las Guasas, perteneciente al Grupo de Hotelería y Turismo Gaviota S.A. Se caracteriza su estado de conservación con énfasis en los pilotes hincados en el lecho marino. Los resultados de la inspección visual sobre y bajo el agua muestran los efectos del ambiente marino con la adherencia de flora y fauna marina, acreción de carbonatos y corrosión de los elementos metálicos. Se propone aplicar protección catódica por corrientes impresas para disminuir el efecto de la corrosión del acero P50 y establecer un mantenimiento basado en la condición en función de la degradación presente y su evolución, acciones que pueden contribuir a extender la vida útil de la instalación y disminuir los costos de mantenimiento.
The present work of diploma studies the theoretical foundations on the main phenomena of degradation in piloted structures. The operating conditions in the marine environment are described according to the composition of the seawater, the temperature, the hydrostatic pressure, the action of the tides and the saline spray. The main areas of marine exposure are defined and their connection with the degradation phenomena they cause. Aspects that are manifested in the offshore installation, Dolphinarium Las Guasas, belonging to the Hotel and Tourism Group Gaviota S.A. Its conservation status is characterized with emphasis on the piles driven into the seabed. The results of the visual inspection on and underwater show the effects of the marine environment with the adherence of marine flora and fauna, accretion of carbonates and corrosion of metallic elements. It is proposed to apply cathodic protection by printed currents to reduce the corrosion effect of P50 steel and establish a maintenance based on the condition as a function of the present degradation and its evolution, actions that can contribute to extend the useful life of the facility and reduce maintenance costs.
The present work of diploma studies the theoretical foundations on the main phenomena of degradation in piloted structures. The operating conditions in the marine environment are described according to the composition of the seawater, the temperature, the hydrostatic pressure, the action of the tides and the saline spray. The main areas of marine exposure are defined and their connection with the degradation phenomena they cause. Aspects that are manifested in the offshore installation, Dolphinarium Las Guasas, belonging to the Hotel and Tourism Group Gaviota S.A. Its conservation status is characterized with emphasis on the piles driven into the seabed. The results of the visual inspection on and underwater show the effects of the marine environment with the adherence of marine flora and fauna, accretion of carbonates and corrosion of metallic elements. It is proposed to apply cathodic protection by printed currents to reduce the corrosion effect of P50 steel and establish a maintenance based on the condition as a function of the present degradation and its evolution, actions that can contribute to extend the useful life of the facility and reduce maintenance costs.
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Palabras clave
Ambiente Marino, Temperatura, Plataformas Offshore