Evaluación del cultivo de esponjas rodadoras como alternativa pesquera para la conservación en el Refugio de Fauna Las Picúas-Cayo Cristo
Fecha
2018-12-07
Autores
Pineda Muro, Leyanis
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias.Departamento de Biología
Resumen
El estudio se llevó a cabo en las cercanías de la comunidad costera de Carahatas, donde se instaló una granja de esponjas rodadoras de una hectárea, con 2500 propágulos de Hippospongia gossypina. Simultáneamente se construyó una granja de 30 líneas de esponjas suspendidas con 450 propágulos de la misma especie, para comparar el crecimiento y la mortalidad de ambos cultivos. El crecimiento de las esponjas rodadoras mostró diferencias significativas respecto al crecimiento de las suspendidas (Z=8,61), donde el diámetro y el volumen de las primeras fueron mayores al de estas últimas. Las esponjas rodadoras incorporaron tantos cuerpos extraños y arena como las naturales. El flujo de caja demostró que la rentabilidad económica del cultivo de esponjas rodadoras con la especie H. gossypina se alcanza en el tercer año, mientras que con el empleo de H. lachne es en el primer año. Además, se aplicaron encuestas a los comunitarios sobre la aceptación del cultivo y su valoración del mismo como alternativa de conservación de los recursos pesqueros del área protegida Las Picúas-Cayo Cristo. Pasado un año los comunitarios reconocieron el éxito y la rentabilidad del cultivo de rodadoras, así como que es una vía de protección de los peces amenazados. Se concluyó que el método de las esponjas rodadoras resulta superior a las suspendidas en términos económicos, reflejados en tiempo de cultivo, volumen, mortalidad y forma redondeada. Además, el cultivo de esponjas reúne las características exigidas para que una alternativa pesquera proporcione la conservación mediante la disminución de la presión pesquera.
Palabras claves: Esponjas rodadoras, alternativa pesquera, comunitarios, área protegida, rentabilidad económica, conservación, presión pesquera.
The study was carried out in the vicinity of the coastal community of Carahatas, where a one-hectare rolling sponge farm was installed, with 2,500 propagules of Hippospongia gossypina. Simultaneously, a farm with 30 lines of suspended sponges with 450 propagules of the same species was built to compare the growth and mortality of both crops. The growth of the rolling sponges showed significant differences with respect to the growth of the suspended ones (Z = 8, 61), where the diameter and volume of the former were greater than the latter. Rolling sponges incorporated as many foreign bodies and sand as natural ones. The cash flow showed that the economic profitability of the roll sponge culture with the species H. gossypina is reached in the third year, while with the use of H. lachne it is in the first year. In addition, surveys were applied to the community about the acceptance of the crop and its assessment of it as an alternative to conservation of the fishery resources of the protected area Las Picúas-Cayo Cristo. After one year, the community members recognized the success and profitability of turtle farming, as well as being a way to protect threatened fish. It was concluded that the method of rolling sponges is superior to those suspended in economic terms, reflected in time of culture, volume, mortality and rounded shape. In addition, the culture of sponges meets the characteristics required for a fishing alternative to provide conservation by reducing fishing pressure.
The study was carried out in the vicinity of the coastal community of Carahatas, where a one-hectare rolling sponge farm was installed, with 2,500 propagules of Hippospongia gossypina. Simultaneously, a farm with 30 lines of suspended sponges with 450 propagules of the same species was built to compare the growth and mortality of both crops. The growth of the rolling sponges showed significant differences with respect to the growth of the suspended ones (Z = 8, 61), where the diameter and volume of the former were greater than the latter. Rolling sponges incorporated as many foreign bodies and sand as natural ones. The cash flow showed that the economic profitability of the roll sponge culture with the species H. gossypina is reached in the third year, while with the use of H. lachne it is in the first year. In addition, surveys were applied to the community about the acceptance of the crop and its assessment of it as an alternative to conservation of the fishery resources of the protected area Las Picúas-Cayo Cristo. After one year, the community members recognized the success and profitability of turtle farming, as well as being a way to protect threatened fish. It was concluded that the method of rolling sponges is superior to those suspended in economic terms, reflected in time of culture, volume, mortality and rounded shape. In addition, the culture of sponges meets the characteristics required for a fishing alternative to provide conservation by reducing fishing pressure.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Refugio de Fauna, Las Picúas-Cayo Cristo, Esponjas Rodadoras, Area Protegida, Conservación, Fishing Alternative, Rolling Sponges, Protected Area, Acuicultura