Efectos de las aguas residua Efectos de las aguas residuales de una planta desalinizadora sobre un pastizal marino en Cayo Santa María, Cuba
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Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Borges Casas, Celia C.
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Universidad Central " Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La salinidad es una variable abiótica de gran importancia en el medio marino.
Puede presentar variaciones producto de acciones antrópicas. En Cayo Santa
María, Cuba, se construyó una Planta Desalinizadora que vierte sus desechos a
un pastizal ubicado en la Ensenada Pelo de Oro. En este trabajo se determina la
influencia de esta Planta en una bioc enosis adyacente a su zona de vertimiento.
Para ello se subdividió la zona de estudio en ocho estratos y los muestreos en
cuatro etapas. En cada estrato se determinó salinidad, abundancia de especies
seleccionadas del megazoobentos, y variaciones de cobertura de Thalassia
testudinum. La variaciones temporales y espaciales detectadas de la salinidad no
parecen responder a causas antrópicas, sino a condiciones naturales. Se
identificaron tres especies del megazoobentos: Holothuria floridana, Echinaster sp
y Lytechinus variegatus. La abundancia de L. variegatus en el estrato
RSDESCARGA disminuyó en el tiempo debido al impacto, en su densidad, de los
procedimientos de limpieza de la Planta. El estrato de mayor abundancia y
estabilidad de L. variegatus fue el CONTROL. La abundancia de Echinaster sp no
presentó diferencias en ninguno de los estratos muestreados. El estrato de mayor
abundancia de H. floridana durante la etapa Pre-arranque fue el RSDESCARGA.
La cobertura de T. testudinum presentó variaciones naturales en las etapas de
muestreo. La investigación no encontró evidencias del impacto del vertido de
salmuera en la biocenosis, pero constituye la línea base para cuando la planta
comience a entregar la demanda de agua planificada.
The salinity is an abiotic variable of great importance in the marine world. It can show some variations, due to anthropic actions. In Santa Maria key, Cuba, a desalinization plant was conceived to pours its wastes to a seagrass located in Pelo de Oro inlet. In the present work, the influence of this plant’s pouring in an adjacent biocenosis was determined. For such a purpose, the research zone was subdivided in eight layers and the sampling in four stages. In each layer were determined: the salinity, megazoobent’s selected specie’s abundance and variations of Thalassia testudinum covering. The seagrass salinity didn’t present anthropic caused variations, because the plant didn’t pour highly concentrated brine, but it did present natural and spatial variations. There were identified three species of megazoobents: Holothuria floridana, Echinaster sp and Lytechinus variegatus. In the RSDESCARGA layer, the abundance of L. variegatus decreased on time due to the impact, over its density, caused by cleaning procedures of the plant. The CONTROL layer showed highest abundance and stability of L. variegatus. The abundance of Echinaster sp didn’t show any differences between sampling layers. The layer of biggest abundance of H. floridana during the pre-start stage of the plant was the RSDESCARGA. The covering of T. testudinum presented natural variations in the sampling stages. The research didn’t find evidences of the pouring impact of the brine in the biocenosis, but it constitutes a baseline to compare with, once the desalinization plant starts to deliver the demanded water.
The salinity is an abiotic variable of great importance in the marine world. It can show some variations, due to anthropic actions. In Santa Maria key, Cuba, a desalinization plant was conceived to pours its wastes to a seagrass located in Pelo de Oro inlet. In the present work, the influence of this plant’s pouring in an adjacent biocenosis was determined. For such a purpose, the research zone was subdivided in eight layers and the sampling in four stages. In each layer were determined: the salinity, megazoobent’s selected specie’s abundance and variations of Thalassia testudinum covering. The seagrass salinity didn’t present anthropic caused variations, because the plant didn’t pour highly concentrated brine, but it did present natural and spatial variations. There were identified three species of megazoobents: Holothuria floridana, Echinaster sp and Lytechinus variegatus. In the RSDESCARGA layer, the abundance of L. variegatus decreased on time due to the impact, over its density, caused by cleaning procedures of the plant. The CONTROL layer showed highest abundance and stability of L. variegatus. The abundance of Echinaster sp didn’t show any differences between sampling layers. The layer of biggest abundance of H. floridana during the pre-start stage of the plant was the RSDESCARGA. The covering of T. testudinum presented natural variations in the sampling stages. The research didn’t find evidences of the pouring impact of the brine in the biocenosis, but it constitutes a baseline to compare with, once the desalinization plant starts to deliver the demanded water.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Salinidad, Desalinización, Biocenosis, Salinity, Desalinization, Biocenosis