Estudios previos para el diseño de una planta de transformación de residuos sólidos urbanos en biogás con apoyo de la modelación
Fecha
2019
Autores
Martínez Lima, Yosbani
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Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Resumen
En este trabajo se hace un análisis del tratamiento biológico de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos en la Ciudad de Santa Clara, específicamente la digestión anaeróbica como una vía para la reducción de la contaminación y para el aprovechamiento del contenido energético de los mismos.
Primeramente, se realizó una caracterización de los residuos generados en varios consejos populares de Santa Clara, considerando la muestra escogida como representativa, el análisis y tabulación de los datos arrojó que un 67.7% de los residuos son de origen orgánico, también se llevó a cabo un análisis de las emisiones procedentes del vertedero, para esto se usó el modelo matemático Landfill Gas emisión Model (LanGEM v 3.02) obteniéndose un valor para la degradación del 50% de la masa de residuo de 20 años y un valor de metano recuperable de 98 m3/Mg de residuos. Además, se llevó a cabo la aplicación del modelo de Chen-Hashimoto para la evaluación del digestor a partir de datos de producción conocidos, obteniéndose un margen de error del 15% entre lo obtenido por el modelo y la producción real de equipo analizado. El análisis económico dio como resultado un VAN = $ 31574923.7, una TIR = 66% y un PRD = 2 años, por lo que se justifica económicamente la implementación de la Planta de Digestión anaeróbica en la ciudad de Santa Clara
Palabras claves: RSU, biogás, modelación
In this work an analysis of the biological treatment of the Urban Solid Residues is made in the City of Santa Clara, specifically the anaerobic digestion as a way to reduce the contamination and to use the energy content of the same. First, a characterization of the waste generated in several popular councils of Santa Clara was carried out, considering the sample chosen as representative, the analysis and tabulation of the data showed that 67.7% of the waste is of organic origin, it was also carried out an analysis of the emissions from the landfill, for this the Landfill Gas Model Model mathematical model (LanGEM v 3.02) was used, obtaining a value for the degradation of 50% of the residue mass of 20 years and a recoverable methane value of 98 m3 / Mg of waste. In addition, the application of the Chen-Hashimoto model for the evaluation of the digester was carried out from known production data, obtaining a margin of error of 15% between what was obtained by the model and the actual production of equipment analyzed. The economic analysis resulted in a NPV = $ 31574923.7, an IRR = 66% and a PRD = 2 years, which is why the implementation of the Anaerobic Digestion Plant in the city of Santa Clara is economically justified Keywords: RSU, biogas, modeling
In this work an analysis of the biological treatment of the Urban Solid Residues is made in the City of Santa Clara, specifically the anaerobic digestion as a way to reduce the contamination and to use the energy content of the same. First, a characterization of the waste generated in several popular councils of Santa Clara was carried out, considering the sample chosen as representative, the analysis and tabulation of the data showed that 67.7% of the waste is of organic origin, it was also carried out an analysis of the emissions from the landfill, for this the Landfill Gas Model Model mathematical model (LanGEM v 3.02) was used, obtaining a value for the degradation of 50% of the residue mass of 20 years and a recoverable methane value of 98 m3 / Mg of waste. In addition, the application of the Chen-Hashimoto model for the evaluation of the digester was carried out from known production data, obtaining a margin of error of 15% between what was obtained by the model and the actual production of equipment analyzed. The economic analysis resulted in a NPV = $ 31574923.7, an IRR = 66% and a PRD = 2 years, which is why the implementation of the Anaerobic Digestion Plant in the city of Santa Clara is economically justified Keywords: RSU, biogas, modeling
Descripción
Palabras clave
Residuos Sólidos Urbanos, Biogás, Santa Clara, Modelación, Contaminación, Medio Ambiente