Control de la calidad de la materia prima obtenida a partir de la corteza de Citrus sinensis L, en los Centros de producción local de la provincia de Villa Clara
Fecha
2019
Autores
Portela García, Glenda
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Editor
Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Ciencias Farmacéuticas
Resumen
La corteza de Citrus sinensis L., conocida comúnmente como naranja dulce, es utilizada en la medicina tradicional cubana en forma de jarabe por su acción como antiinflamatoria, antitusiva, expectorante y anthistamínica y como champú para tratar la dermatitis seborreica del cureo cabelludo; ambas formulaciones son elaboradas en los laboratorios de producción local de todo el país, utilizando el polvo de dicha corteza como ingrediente farmacéutico activo herbario. En el presente trabajo se verificaron las especificaciones de calidad reportados por el formulario nacional para esta materia prima y se propone una monografía analítica que fue aplicada a diez lotes suministrados por los laboratorios de diferentes municipios de la provincia de Villa Clara. La monografía propuesta incluyó ensayos de identificación (reacciones de coloración, análisis macro y micromorfológico y cromatografía en capa delgada), ensayos de pureza (material extractable, pérdida por desecación, cenizas totales y cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico) y el ensayo cuantitativo (determinación de flavonoides totales). La verificación de los límites de especificación se realizó aplicando el método de Bowker. Como resultado se obtuvo que la pérdida por desecación del polvo no debe exceder de 11 %, las cenizas totales no deben superiores a 7 % y las cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico no deben exceder el 2 %. Se utilizó como técnica de análisis cuantitativo, la espectrofotometría UV indirecta (método de tricloruro de aluminio) para la determinación de flavonoides totales en base a quercetina. El seguimiento cromatográfico en capa delgada y el reconocimiento cualitativo con UV detección a 365 nm demostró la presencia de quercetina y hesperidina. El polvo de las hojas de Citrus sinensis L. contiene no menos de un 0,2 % de flavonoides, metabolitos responsables de las acciones farmacológicas que se le atribuyen a la planta
The bark of Citrus sinensis L., commonly known as sweet orange, is used in traditional Cuban medicine. The form of syrup for its action as an anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant and as a shampoo to treat seborrhea dermatitis of the scalp; both formulations are elaborated in the local production laboratories of the whole country, using the powder of said bark as herbal active pharmaceutical ingredient. In the present work, the quality specifications reported by the national form for this raw material were calculated and an analytical monograph was written that was applied to ten lots supplied by the laboratories of different municipalities of the province of Villa Clara. The proposed monograph included identification tests (color reactions, morphological analysis and thin layer chromatography), purity tests (extractable material, loss by drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid) and the quantitative test (determination of total flavonoids). Verification of the specification limits was carried out applying the Bowker method. As a result, it was obtained that the loss by drying of the powder should not exceed 11%, the total ashes should not exceed 7% and the ashes insoluble in hydrochloric acid should not exceed 2%. It was used as a technique of quantitative analysis, indirect UV spectrophotometry (aluminum trichloride method) for the determination of total flavonoids based on quercetin. Thin-layer chromatographic monitoring and qualitative detection with UV detection at 365 nm showed the presence of quercetin and hesperidin. The powder of the leaves of Citrus sinensis L. contains not less than 0.2% of flavonoids, metabolites responsible for the pharmacological actions attributed to the plant.
The bark of Citrus sinensis L., commonly known as sweet orange, is used in traditional Cuban medicine. The form of syrup for its action as an anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant and as a shampoo to treat seborrhea dermatitis of the scalp; both formulations are elaborated in the local production laboratories of the whole country, using the powder of said bark as herbal active pharmaceutical ingredient. In the present work, the quality specifications reported by the national form for this raw material were calculated and an analytical monograph was written that was applied to ten lots supplied by the laboratories of different municipalities of the province of Villa Clara. The proposed monograph included identification tests (color reactions, morphological analysis and thin layer chromatography), purity tests (extractable material, loss by drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid) and the quantitative test (determination of total flavonoids). Verification of the specification limits was carried out applying the Bowker method. As a result, it was obtained that the loss by drying of the powder should not exceed 11%, the total ashes should not exceed 7% and the ashes insoluble in hydrochloric acid should not exceed 2%. It was used as a technique of quantitative analysis, indirect UV spectrophotometry (aluminum trichloride method) for the determination of total flavonoids based on quercetin. Thin-layer chromatographic monitoring and qualitative detection with UV detection at 365 nm showed the presence of quercetin and hesperidin. The powder of the leaves of Citrus sinensis L. contains not less than 0.2% of flavonoids, metabolites responsible for the pharmacological actions attributed to the plant.
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Corteza de Citrus sinensis L., Plantas Medicinales, Medicina Verde, Villa Clara