Caracterización del marabú como combustible para la bioeléctrica del central azucarero Ciro Redondo
Fecha
2019
Autores
Palmero Marín, Delvis
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Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
El presente trabajo de diploma se desarrolla a partir del tema “Caracterización del marabú como combustible para la bioeléctrica del central azucarero Ciro Redondo”. Para ello se realiza una profunda búsqueda bibliográfica para conocer el estado del arte en la generación de electricidad en la industria azucarera tanto a nivel mundial como nacional; se valora las potencialidades que tiene la especie Dichrostachys cinerea (Marabú) para ser utilizada como combustible en bioeléctricas mediante factores como su disponibilidad. Se adquieren conocimientos actuales de su uso como combustible y la necesidad de nuevas informaciones para su futuro uso en bioeléctricas. Se realiza una breve descripción de la máquina cosechadora de marabú BMH-480 y de su cabezal H-600, su estrategia de corte y la extracción del material del campo. Se caracteriza su empleo como combustible para la bioeléctrica del central Ciro Redondo luego de ser cosechado, siguiendo aspectos como su calor específico de combustión, contenido de cenizas, granulometría, humedad y relación entre la temperatura de la pila a la intemperie en función del tiempo transcurrido.
De la caracterización antes mencionada se obtuvieron resultados como el valor medio general del calor de combustión superior de la masa seca el cual es de 19,147 MJ/kg y el inferior de 18,079 MJ/kg, el contenido de cenizas para una altura de corte de la máquina cosechadora baja fue de 4,81% y para una altura alta de 4,08%, el contenido de cenizas tiene relación con la densidad del campo, siendo su valor medio de 4,45%. La granulometría de la biomasa cosechada presenta partículas grandes entre los 81 y 250 mm, parámetro a tener en cuenta durante la operación de la caldera. El marabú recién cosechado posee una humedad entre 36 y 41%. La temperatura de la pila analizada tiende a incrementarse hacia su interior, la cara Sur alcanza mayor valor de temperatura que la cara Norte y el valor máximo de temperatura alcanzado fue 62°C.
The present diploma thesis is developed from the topic “Characterization of marabu as fuel for the bioelectric plant of Ciro Redondo sugar mill”. Because of that it is carried out a deep bibliographical search to know how is the state of the art in the electricity generation in the sugar industry both globally and nationally; the potentialities that the species Dichrostachys cinerea (Marabu) to be used as fuel in bioelectric plants are evaluated through factors such as its availability, current knowledge of its use as fuel and the need for new information for its future use in bioelectric plants. A brief description of the marabu harvesting machine BMH-480 and its H-600 head, its cutting strategy and the extraction of field material is made. Its use as fuel for the bioelectric plant of the Ciro Redondo sugar mill is characterized after being harvested, following aspects such as its specific heat of combustion, ash content, granulometry, humidity and the relationship between the temperature of the pile in the open as a function of the elapsed time. From the aforementioned characterization results were obtained as the general average value of the heat of combustion superior of the dry mass which is of 19,147 MJ/kg and the inferior of 18,079 MJ/kg, the content of ashes for a height of cut of the low harvester machine was 4,81% and for a high height of 4,08%, the ash content is related to the density of the field, with an average value of 4,45%. The granulometry of the harvested biomass presents large particles between 81 and 250 mm, a parameter to be taken into account during the operation of the boiler. The newly harvested marabu has a humidity between 36 and 41%. The temperature of the analyzed pile tends to increase towards its interior, the South face reaches higher temperature value than the North face and the maximum temperature reached was 62°C.
The present diploma thesis is developed from the topic “Characterization of marabu as fuel for the bioelectric plant of Ciro Redondo sugar mill”. Because of that it is carried out a deep bibliographical search to know how is the state of the art in the electricity generation in the sugar industry both globally and nationally; the potentialities that the species Dichrostachys cinerea (Marabu) to be used as fuel in bioelectric plants are evaluated through factors such as its availability, current knowledge of its use as fuel and the need for new information for its future use in bioelectric plants. A brief description of the marabu harvesting machine BMH-480 and its H-600 head, its cutting strategy and the extraction of field material is made. Its use as fuel for the bioelectric plant of the Ciro Redondo sugar mill is characterized after being harvested, following aspects such as its specific heat of combustion, ash content, granulometry, humidity and the relationship between the temperature of the pile in the open as a function of the elapsed time. From the aforementioned characterization results were obtained as the general average value of the heat of combustion superior of the dry mass which is of 19,147 MJ/kg and the inferior of 18,079 MJ/kg, the content of ashes for a height of cut of the low harvester machine was 4,81% and for a high height of 4,08%, the ash content is related to the density of the field, with an average value of 4,45%. The granulometry of the harvested biomass presents large particles between 81 and 250 mm, a parameter to be taken into account during the operation of the boiler. The newly harvested marabu has a humidity between 36 and 41%. The temperature of the analyzed pile tends to increase towards its interior, the South face reaches higher temperature value than the North face and the maximum temperature reached was 62°C.
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Palabras clave
Dichrostachys cinerea (Marabú), Combustibles Fósiles, Energías Renovables, Demanda Energética, Industria Azucarera, UEB Central Azucarero "Ciro Redondo", Bioeléctrica, Máquina BMH-480