Método para la evaluación del desarrollo sostenible de los territorios cubanos
Fecha
2019-10-09
Autores
Fajardo Moya, Alexis
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
El desarrollo sostenible constituye una preocupación de especialistas e investigadores de diversas ramas de la ciencia. El desarrollo sostenible suele medirse mediante un índice de sostenibilidad compuesto, con el objetivo de realizar comparaciones, determinar avance o retroceso en la sostenibilidad, por lo que constituye una herramienta adecuada de apoyo al proceso de toma de decisiones. Diversas investigaciones se han desarrollado sobre la temática de sostenibilidad y la construcción de índices para su evaluación. La aplicación de diversas
técnicas de análisis de datos y de toma de decisiones basadas en múltiples criterios, ha contribuido a la obtención de índices alineados a la perspectiva de sostenibilidad fuerte. El procedimiento para la evaluación del desarrollo sostenible territorial de los territorios cubanos presenta oportunidades de mejora basadas en la aplicación de diversas técnicas, con el fin de obtener un índice de desarrollo sostenible territorial (IDST) más representativo al comportamiento de los datos y alineado con la perspectiva de sostenibilidad fuerte. La presente investigación propone un conjunto de adecuaciones al procedimiento a partir de la
modificación de varias de sus fases y la adición de otra nueva, proponiendo la aplicación de técnicas y métodos que apoyan el proceso de construcción del IDST y las decisiones a adoptar en varias de las etapas. Se implementaron nuevas funcionalidades en una nueva versión de la aplicación informática existente, que responden a las adecuaciones propuestas al procedimiento, dotándola de herramientas para la experimentación y de características de marco tecnológico. Se demostró la factibilidad de la aplicación del procedimiento modificado a través de su aplicación en la evaluación y comparación del desarrollo sostenible de las
quince provincias cubanas y su municipio especial, en un periodo de diez años. Los
resultados presentados demostraron las mejoras del procedimiento modificado con respecto al inicial, permitiendo identificar puntos críticos en el comportamiento del desarrollo sostenible de cada territorio y en la comparación entre los territorios.
Sustainable development is a concern of specialists and researchers from various branches of science. Sustainable development is usually measured by a composite sustainability index, with the aim of making comparisons, determining progress or setback in sustainability, so it is an adequate tool to support the decision-making process. Several investigations have been developed on the subject of sustainability and the construction of indexes for evaluation. The application of various techniques of data analysis and decision-making based on multiple criteria has contributed to obtaining indexes aligned with the perspective of strong sustainability. The procedure for the evaluation of the territorial sustainable development of the Cuban territories presents opportunities for improvement, based on the application of various techniques, in order to obtain a territorial sustainable development index (TSDI) that is more representative of the behavior of the data and aligned with the strong sustainability perspective. The present investigation proposes a set of adjustments to the procedure based on the modification of several of its phases and the addition of a new one, proposing the application of techniques and methods that support the process of construction of the TSDI and the decisions to be taken in several stages of the process. New functionalities were implemented in a new version of the existing computer application, which responds to the proposed adjustments to the procedure, providing it with tools for experimentation and features of a technological framework. The feasibility of the application of the modified procedure was demonstrated through its application in the evaluation and comparison of the sustainable development of the fifteen Cuban provinces and its special municipality, over a period of ten years. The results presented demonstrated the improvements of the modified procedure with respect to the initial one, allowing to identify critical points in the behavior of the sustainable development of each territory and in the comparison between the territories.
Sustainable development is a concern of specialists and researchers from various branches of science. Sustainable development is usually measured by a composite sustainability index, with the aim of making comparisons, determining progress or setback in sustainability, so it is an adequate tool to support the decision-making process. Several investigations have been developed on the subject of sustainability and the construction of indexes for evaluation. The application of various techniques of data analysis and decision-making based on multiple criteria has contributed to obtaining indexes aligned with the perspective of strong sustainability. The procedure for the evaluation of the territorial sustainable development of the Cuban territories presents opportunities for improvement, based on the application of various techniques, in order to obtain a territorial sustainable development index (TSDI) that is more representative of the behavior of the data and aligned with the strong sustainability perspective. The present investigation proposes a set of adjustments to the procedure based on the modification of several of its phases and the addition of a new one, proposing the application of techniques and methods that support the process of construction of the TSDI and the decisions to be taken in several stages of the process. New functionalities were implemented in a new version of the existing computer application, which responds to the proposed adjustments to the procedure, providing it with tools for experimentation and features of a technological framework. The feasibility of the application of the modified procedure was demonstrated through its application in the evaluation and comparison of the sustainable development of the fifteen Cuban provinces and its special municipality, over a period of ten years. The results presented demonstrated the improvements of the modified procedure with respect to the initial one, allowing to identify critical points in the behavior of the sustainable development of each territory and in the comparison between the territories.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Desarrollo Sostenible, Método para la Evaluación, Territorios Cubanos, Aplicación Informática