Desarrollo preliminar de electrodos revestidos para el recargue y soldadura en base a residuales agroindustriales
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González Barrera, Roilany
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Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
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En el trabajo se aborda el desarrollo preliminar de electrodos revestidos para el recargue y soldadura por SMAW (Soldadura Manual por arco Eléctrico con Electrodo Revestido) en base a residuales agroindustriales. En base a la composición química de cenizas de la combustión del bagazo de caña en calderas, del central “Heriberto Duquezne” y de cenizas de la combustión de leña de marabú, se establece analíticamente la composición de mezclas de revestimientos para electrodos de soldadura y recargue. La composición de las cenizas es ubicada en diagramas de equilibrio de fases y, en base a su temperatura de fusión, es definida la adición de caliza para migar a una región de menor temperatura. En ello también es considerado el aporte de óxidos que introduce el aglomerante (silicato de sodio). En algunas de las variantes se concibe el empleo de finos residuales de la producción de carbón de marabú como componente del revestimiento, para aportar carbono al metal depositado. En otra variante se utilizan como núcleo recortes (residuales) de la producción de traviesas en la Empresa Industrial de Instalaciones Fijas. De todas las variantes de electrodos preconcebidas, fueron elaborados prototipos y fue realizada una valoración cualitativa de su comportamiento operacional. A tres de las variantes les fue caracterizado químicamente el metal depositado. Se concluye que es viable la obtención de electrodos para soldadura y recargue en base al empleo de residuales agroindustriales en pequeños talleres de poca complejidad tecnológica.
The work addresses the preliminary development of coated electrodes for hardfacing and welding by SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) based on agroindustrial residuals. Based on the chemical composition of ashes from the combustion of sugarcane bagasse in boilers, from the “Heriberto Duquezne” plant and ash from the combustion of marabou wood, the composition of coating mixtures for welding and hardfacing electrodes is analytically established. The composition of the ash is located in phase equilibrium diagrams and, based on its melting temperature, the addition of limestone is defined to migrate to a region of lower temperature. In this, the contribution of oxides introduced by the binder (sodium silicate) is also considered. In some of the variants, the use of residual fines from the production of marabou charcoal is conceived as a component of the coating, to provide carbon to the deposited metal. In another variant, (residual) cuttings from the production of sleepers in the Fixed Installations Industrial Company are used as the core. Of all the preconceived electrode variants, prototypes were developed and a qualitative assessment of their operational behavior was carried out. The deposited metal of three of the variants was chemically characterized. It is concluded that it is feasible to obtain electrodes for welding and hardfacing based on the use of agroindustrial waste in small workshops with little technological complexity.
The work addresses the preliminary development of coated electrodes for hardfacing and welding by SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) based on agroindustrial residuals. Based on the chemical composition of ashes from the combustion of sugarcane bagasse in boilers, from the “Heriberto Duquezne” plant and ash from the combustion of marabou wood, the composition of coating mixtures for welding and hardfacing electrodes is analytically established. The composition of the ash is located in phase equilibrium diagrams and, based on its melting temperature, the addition of limestone is defined to migrate to a region of lower temperature. In this, the contribution of oxides introduced by the binder (sodium silicate) is also considered. In some of the variants, the use of residual fines from the production of marabou charcoal is conceived as a component of the coating, to provide carbon to the deposited metal. In another variant, (residual) cuttings from the production of sleepers in the Fixed Installations Industrial Company are used as the core. Of all the preconceived electrode variants, prototypes were developed and a qualitative assessment of their operational behavior was carried out. The deposited metal of three of the variants was chemically characterized. It is concluded that it is feasible to obtain electrodes for welding and hardfacing based on the use of agroindustrial waste in small workshops with little technological complexity.