Aislamiento, caracterización y minería genómica de una cepa de Streptomyces
Fecha
2021
Autores
Medina García, Ricardo
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
Resumen
Los productos naturales, en especial los derivados de microorganismos, representan un baluarte único e indispensable por su amplia utilidad y beneficios en la medicina humana, veterinaria y en el cuidado de cultivos. Los actinomicetos son los microorganismos con mayor potencial para producir nuevos metabolitos secundarios con propiedades farmacológicas. El surgimiento de nuevos agentes infecciosos y la resistencia a los antimicrobianos convencionales por patógenos multirresistentes ponen en peligro nuestra capacidad para enfrentarlos. Es por ello que, el hallazgo de nuevas moléculas con actividad antimicrobiana representa una urgencia para la medicina moderna. El objetivo de este estudio fue el aislamiento de actinomicetos con la capacidad de producir compuestos con actividad antimicrobiana. Los actinomicetos se aislaron en agar-caseína-almidón y se caracterizaron fenotípicamente. Además, se determinó la actividad antibacteriana frente a Escherichia coli ΔbamBΔtolC y se identificó mediante la Plataforma de Resistencia a los Antibióticos la cepa de actinomiceto Jnb1 con actividad antibiótica y antifúngica. Los extractos activos de este microorganismo obtenidos mediante cromatografía se analizaron utilizando técnicas espectrofotométricas; además, se extrajo y analizó su genoma. Como resultado se demostró que este microorganismo posee similitud del 99,7% con Streptomyces racemochromogenes y codifica para el antibiótico congocidina y un nuevo compuesto poliénico. El estudio de minería genómica permitió elucidar parcialmente la estructura del compuesto poliénico. Por otro lado, el análisis genómico de Jnb1 mostró la posible producción de otros compuestos, algunos de ellos novedosos; así como un BGC híbrido y uno críptico con características singulares. Estos resultados sugieren que la cepa Jnb1 es una fuente promisoria para la obtención de nuevos metabolitos secundarios
Natural products, especially those derived from microorganisms, are unique pillars that have extensive use and benefits to human and veterinary medicine as well as to crop protection. Actinomycetes are microorganisms with the highest potential to discover novel secondary metabolites with pharmacological properties. The emergency of new infectious agents along with multidrug resistant pathogens, that withstand conventional antibiotics, put in danger our capacity to face them. Consequently, novel antimicrobial agents are urgently needed to fill this gap. The aim of this work was to isolate actinomycetes strains with the ability to produce metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The strains were isolated on casein-starch agar and characterized phenotypically. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity with Escherichia coli ΔbamBΔtolC and the Antibiotic Resistance Platform revealed a strain, denoted as Streptomyces Jnb1, having antibacterial and antifungal activity. Active extracts from this microorganism were purified and characterized through chromatographic and spectrometric techniques, respectively. The genome of this organism was also extracted, sequenced and analyzed using different bioinformatic software. It was shown that the strain shares 97,7 % of similarity with Streptomyces racemochromogenes and encodes for congocidine, a known antibiotic, along with a new polyene compound whose structure was partially elucidated through genome mining. This analysis also revealed that this strain encodes other compounds, some of them novel, one having a hybrid BGC and another cryptic with singular characteristics. Therefore, the strain Jnb1 seems to be a promising source of novel secondary metabolites
Natural products, especially those derived from microorganisms, are unique pillars that have extensive use and benefits to human and veterinary medicine as well as to crop protection. Actinomycetes are microorganisms with the highest potential to discover novel secondary metabolites with pharmacological properties. The emergency of new infectious agents along with multidrug resistant pathogens, that withstand conventional antibiotics, put in danger our capacity to face them. Consequently, novel antimicrobial agents are urgently needed to fill this gap. The aim of this work was to isolate actinomycetes strains with the ability to produce metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The strains were isolated on casein-starch agar and characterized phenotypically. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity with Escherichia coli ΔbamBΔtolC and the Antibiotic Resistance Platform revealed a strain, denoted as Streptomyces Jnb1, having antibacterial and antifungal activity. Active extracts from this microorganism were purified and characterized through chromatographic and spectrometric techniques, respectively. The genome of this organism was also extracted, sequenced and analyzed using different bioinformatic software. It was shown that the strain shares 97,7 % of similarity with Streptomyces racemochromogenes and encodes for congocidine, a known antibiotic, along with a new polyene compound whose structure was partially elucidated through genome mining. This analysis also revealed that this strain encodes other compounds, some of them novel, one having a hybrid BGC and another cryptic with singular characteristics. Therefore, the strain Jnb1 seems to be a promising source of novel secondary metabolites
Descripción
Palabras clave
Productos Biológicos, Streptomyces