Propuestas de medidas tecnológicas para aumentar eficiencia energética en el CAI José María Pérez
Fecha
2021
Autores
Cabrera Sánchez, Alexis Javier
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La fábrica de azúcar “José María Pérez”, localizada en el municipio Camajuaní, provincia Villa Clara, tiene potencial para mejorar los rendimientos agroindustriales y aportar un mayor valor a sus coproductos, con el aprovechamiento de la biomasa y el aumento en los índices de generación de energía eléctrica. Se identifican diversos factores que incrementan los consumos energéticos e introducen riesgos técnicos y económicos. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar el sistema energético, mediante la aplicación de metodologías de gestión eficiente de la energía y el uso del software STA 4.1. Esta herramienta facilita la evaluación del sistema energético y la toma de decisiones en corto tiempo, ante la introducción de cambios en las condiciones de operación. Se evalúa la sustitución de los dos turbogeneradores por uno de mayor potencia, la sustitución de una de las calderas por una de mayor capacidad y la rehabilitación del aislamiento térmico en las tuberías de vapor de escape y de condensados. La evaluación económica considera los beneficios por concepto de ahorro de combustible, electricidad y reducción de las pérdidas de calor por rehabilitación del aislamiento térmico. Como resultado de la evaluación energética, se proponen tres proyectos de inversión que contribuyen a elevar la eficiencia en el uso de la energía, con un VAN de 8 976 794,38 USD, cuya inversión global se estima que se recupere entre 2 y 3 años. También se lleva a cabo el análisis del ciclo vida y la importancia de conocer el impacto de la huella de carbono, que se emite como resultado de los procesos productivos específicamente en la industria azucarera.
The “José María Pérez” sugar factory, located in the Camajuaní municipality, Villa Clara province, has the potential to improve agroindustrial yields and to contribute a greater value to its coproducts, with the use of biomass and the increase in the indexes of electric power generation. Various factors are identified that increase energy consumption and introduce technical and economic risks. The objective of the work is to evaluate the energy system, through the application of efficient energy management methodologies and the use of STA 4.1 softwear. This tool facilitates the evaluation of the energy system and the decision making in a short time, before the introduction of changes in the operating conditions. The replacement of two turbogenerators by one of rather power, the replacement of one of the boilers by one of greater capacity and the rehabilitation of the thermal insulation in the exhaust and condensate pipes are evaluated. The economic evaluation considers the benefits of fuel economy, electricity and reduction of heat losses by rehabilitation of thermal insulation. As a result of the energy assessment, three investment projects are proposed that contribute to increasing energy efficiency, with a NPV of 8 976 794, 38 USD, whose global investment is estimated to recover between 2 and 3 years. The life cycle analysis is also carried out and the importance of knowing the impact of the carbon footprint, which is emitted as a result of the production processes specifically in the sugar industry.
The “José María Pérez” sugar factory, located in the Camajuaní municipality, Villa Clara province, has the potential to improve agroindustrial yields and to contribute a greater value to its coproducts, with the use of biomass and the increase in the indexes of electric power generation. Various factors are identified that increase energy consumption and introduce technical and economic risks. The objective of the work is to evaluate the energy system, through the application of efficient energy management methodologies and the use of STA 4.1 softwear. This tool facilitates the evaluation of the energy system and the decision making in a short time, before the introduction of changes in the operating conditions. The replacement of two turbogenerators by one of rather power, the replacement of one of the boilers by one of greater capacity and the rehabilitation of the thermal insulation in the exhaust and condensate pipes are evaluated. The economic evaluation considers the benefits of fuel economy, electricity and reduction of heat losses by rehabilitation of thermal insulation. As a result of the energy assessment, three investment projects are proposed that contribute to increasing energy efficiency, with a NPV of 8 976 794, 38 USD, whose global investment is estimated to recover between 2 and 3 years. The life cycle analysis is also carried out and the importance of knowing the impact of the carbon footprint, which is emitted as a result of the production processes specifically in the sugar industry.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Industria Azucarera, Caña de Azúcar, Proceso Tecnológico, Eficiencia Energética, Impacto Ambiental