Producción de biogás a partir de residuales de la UEB comercializadora de productos agropecuarios en la empresa Pecuaria Managuaco
Fecha
2021
Autores
Acevedo Echevarría, Aliany
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
El trabajo se orienta a cumplir una tarea científica dentro del proyecto Fuentes Renovables de Energía como apoyo al Desarrollo local (FRE local) relacionada con el cambio la matriz energética de generación y consumo en la Empresa Pecuaria Managuaco. Se diseñó una planta de biogás para el tratamiento de los residuales disponibles en la UBE Comercializadora de Productos Agropecuarios, de la propia empresa. Los resultados proponen la construcción de un biodigestor de laguna cubierta con una capacidad total de digestión de 1747,2 m3 y generará producciones de 125 m³/día de biogás, que se utilizará en la cocción de alimento para un comedor obrero, en la generación de energía para cubrir la limpieza, el procesamiento de la carne, y la elaboración de productos derivados como los embutidos. También, producirá 3,25 t/día de digestato que puede ser convertido en bioabono y empleado para la mejora de la fertilidad de 928 ha de suelos de la Empresa Pecuaria Managuaco dedicados a la producción de cultivos varios; y su venta a otras entidades.
Se realizó un análisis de factibilidad económica de procesos obteniéndose valores del VAN = $ 5920,22, una TIR = 13% y un PRD = 6,5 años, valores favorables todos, que, aunque bajos, se justifican por el bajo nivel del capital invertido, así como el nivel de ingresos, avalados lo anterior por la producción de sólo 125 m3/día.
Por último se realizó el análisis ambiental de la propuesta realizada, concluyéndose que se evitan las emisiones de metano a la atmósfera, en el orden de 1261,44 kgCH4/año, así como 900 kgN2O/año, contribuyendo a la disminución de los impactos ambientales de estos gases de efecto invernadero.
The work is aimed at fulfilling a scientific task within the Renewable Energy Sources project as support for local development, related to the change in the energy matrix of generation and consumption in the Managuaco Livestock Enterprise. A biogas plant was designed to treat the residuals available at the Slaughterhouse The results propose the construction of a covered lagoon biodigester with a total digestion capacity of 1,747.2 m3 and will generate 125 m³ / day of biogas, which will be used in cooking food for a workers' dining room, in the generation of energy to cover cleaning, meat processing, and the production of derived products such as sausages. It will also produce 3.25 t / day of digestate that can be converted into bio-fertilizer and used to improve the fertility of 928 ha of soils of the Managuaco Enterprise dedicated to the production of various crops; and its sale to other entities. An analysis of economic feasibility of processes was carried out, obtaining values of NPV = $ 5,920.22, an IRR = 13% and a PRD = 6.5 years, all favorable values, which, although low, are justified by the low level of capital invested, as well as the level of income, supported by the previous production of only 125 m3 / day. Finally, the environmental analysis of the biogás plant proposed was carried out, concluding that methane emissions into the atmosphere are avoided, in the order of 1261.44 kgCH4 / year, as well as 900 kgN2O / year, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts of these greenhouse gases.
The work is aimed at fulfilling a scientific task within the Renewable Energy Sources project as support for local development, related to the change in the energy matrix of generation and consumption in the Managuaco Livestock Enterprise. A biogas plant was designed to treat the residuals available at the Slaughterhouse The results propose the construction of a covered lagoon biodigester with a total digestion capacity of 1,747.2 m3 and will generate 125 m³ / day of biogas, which will be used in cooking food for a workers' dining room, in the generation of energy to cover cleaning, meat processing, and the production of derived products such as sausages. It will also produce 3.25 t / day of digestate that can be converted into bio-fertilizer and used to improve the fertility of 928 ha of soils of the Managuaco Enterprise dedicated to the production of various crops; and its sale to other entities. An analysis of economic feasibility of processes was carried out, obtaining values of NPV = $ 5,920.22, an IRR = 13% and a PRD = 6.5 years, all favorable values, which, although low, are justified by the low level of capital invested, as well as the level of income, supported by the previous production of only 125 m3 / day. Finally, the environmental analysis of the biogás plant proposed was carried out, concluding that methane emissions into the atmosphere are avoided, in the order of 1261.44 kgCH4 / year, as well as 900 kgN2O / year, contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts of these greenhouse gases.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Fuentes Renovables de Energía, Generación de Biogás, Análisis Ambiental