Determinación de la influencia de variables de operación en el proceso de neutralización de aguas residuales textiles
Fecha
2021
Autores
Pérez Cuellar, Luis Miguel
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
Esta investigación se realizó en la textilera “Desembarco del Granma” donde se necesita neutralizar el agua residual antes de aplicar el tratamiento con lodo activado, pero el ácido sulfúrico que se ha utilizado genera problemas en el mantenimiento de la planta y en la seguridad de la operación. El objetivo general fue determinar la influencia de variables de operación en el proceso de neutralización con CO2 de aguas residuales textiles. Los objetivos específicos desarrollados fueron: determinar las principales vías de tratamiento con CO2 de aguas residuales así como las variables que influyen en los mismos a partir de una revisión bibliográfica, realizar un estudio experimental a nivel de laboratorio de la influencia de variables operacionales en el proceso de neutralización de aguas residuales, obtener la expresión de la ley de velocidad de la reacción de neutralización estudiada y realizar un análisis de los beneficios esperados al emplear el CO2 en la neutralización de las aguas residuales textiles. Se aplicó el método de análisis y síntesis de la información y el estudio experimental a escala de laboratorio. Como resultado de este trabajo se obtuvo que el CO2 forma un ácido débil al disolverse en el agua y es capaz de reducir el pH. Si se emplea el CO2 para neutralizar las aguas residuales se disminuirán las emisiones de este gas y a su vez se utilizará el mismo para sustituir un ácido fuerte (H2SO4), con lo que se logrará un proceso tecnológico más compatible con el medio ambiente. Al aumentar la temperatura y la presión se observó un aumento considerable en la constante de velocidad. La expresión cinética de velocidad determinada experimentalmente es: 𝑣����������������=ko∗e−1.12∗105RT∗c(OH−)∗c(CO2) por lo que el orden global de la reacción es 2.
This research was carried out in the textile factory "Desembarco del Granma" where it is necessary to neutralize the residual water before applying the treatment with activated sludge, but the sulfuric acid that has been used generates problems in the maintenance of the plant and in the safety of the plant operation. The general objective was to determine the influence of operating variables in the CO2 neutralization process of textile wastewater. The specific objectives developed were: to determine the main ways of treating wastewater with CO2 as well as the variables that influence them from a bibliographic review, to carry out an experimental study at the laboratory level of the influence of operational variables in the process of wastewater neutralization, obtain the expression of the speed law of the neutralization reaction studied and carry out an analysis of the expected benefits when using CO2 in the neutralization of textile wastewater. The information analysis and synthesis method and the laboratory scale experimental study were applied. As a result of this work, it was obtained that CO2 forms a weak acid when it dissolves in water and is capable of reducing the pH. If CO2 is used to neutralize wastewater, the emissions of this gas will be reduced and in turn it will be used to replace a strong acid (H2SO4), thereby achieving a technological process that is more compatible with the environment. With increasing temperature and pressure, a considerable increase in the rate constant was observed. The experimentally determined rate kinetic expression is: 𝑣���������������=ko∗e−1.12∗105RT∗c(OH−)∗c(CO2) so the global order of the reaction is 2.
This research was carried out in the textile factory "Desembarco del Granma" where it is necessary to neutralize the residual water before applying the treatment with activated sludge, but the sulfuric acid that has been used generates problems in the maintenance of the plant and in the safety of the plant operation. The general objective was to determine the influence of operating variables in the CO2 neutralization process of textile wastewater. The specific objectives developed were: to determine the main ways of treating wastewater with CO2 as well as the variables that influence them from a bibliographic review, to carry out an experimental study at the laboratory level of the influence of operational variables in the process of wastewater neutralization, obtain the expression of the speed law of the neutralization reaction studied and carry out an analysis of the expected benefits when using CO2 in the neutralization of textile wastewater. The information analysis and synthesis method and the laboratory scale experimental study were applied. As a result of this work, it was obtained that CO2 forms a weak acid when it dissolves in water and is capable of reducing the pH. If CO2 is used to neutralize wastewater, the emissions of this gas will be reduced and in turn it will be used to replace a strong acid (H2SO4), thereby achieving a technological process that is more compatible with the environment. With increasing temperature and pressure, a considerable increase in the rate constant was observed. The experimentally determined rate kinetic expression is: 𝑣���������������=ko∗e−1.12∗105RT∗c(OH−)∗c(CO2) so the global order of the reaction is 2.
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Palabras clave
Industria Textil, Residuos Líquidos Industriales, Impacto Ambiental