Aprovechamiento del Aceite de Fusel para la obtención de productos químicos de alto valor agregado
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Fecha
2010-06-25
Autores
Hidalgo Pérez, Edilenia
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Editor
Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas
Resumen
En la presente investigación se realizó el diseño de una Planta para la producción de
acetato de isoamilo, a partir de un residuo de la destilación alcohólica: los aceites de
fusel. Este ester producido, constituye un producto de alto valor agregado en la industria
farmacéutica, alimenticia, de pinturas, entre otras. El proceso consta de cuatro etapas
fundamentales, deshidratación del fusel, la separación de los diferentes alcoholes para
llegar al isoamílico, mediante destilación fraccionada, la reacción de estos alcoholes con
ácido acético, y la separación de los productos por destilación, para obtener acetato de
isoamilo con una alta pureza. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para determinar las
principales formas de aprovechamiento de los aceites fusel, además de las diferentes
maneras de producción del acetato de isoamilo.
Se realizó la parte experimental, abarcando las cuatro etapas del proceso, obteniéndose
muy poco producto debido a los volúmenes obtenidos de las diferentes fracciones.
Se obtuvo el diagrama de flujo, se determinaron los flujos, mediante los balances de
masa y energía, así como el diseño de los equipos principales del proceso, mediante el
uso de un Software Profesional: Hysys v3.2. Los balances arrojaron que es posible
procesar 250 kg/h de fusel, para obtener 140,4 kg/h de acetato de isoamilo puro,
utilizando 95,95 kg/h de ácido acético para la reacción, así como 169,32 kg/h de vapor
saturado para las operaciones de destilación y 4,64 m3/h de agua de enfriamiento para
la destilación y el enfriamiento de la reacción. Se efectuó el análisis económico,
obteniéndose, un monto de inversión total de $ 1 043 687,72, así como un costo total
de producción de 19 914 014,771 $/año, con una ganancia de 17 691 952,46 $/año y un
plazo de recuperación al descontado (PRD) de 0,5 años.
In the present investigation was carried out to design a plant for the production of isoamyl acetate, a residue from the distillation alcohol: fusel oil. This ester produced is a product of high added value in the pharmaceutical, food, paints, among others. This process consists of four basic stages, dehydration of fusel, separation of different isoamyl alcohol to reach, by fractional distillation, the reaction of these alcohols, acetic acid, and separation of products by distillation, for isoamyl acetate with high purity. A literature search was conducted to determine the main forms of exploitation of fusel oils, as well as different ways of production of isoamyl acetate. We performed the experimental part, covering the four stages of the process, very little product was obtained due to the volumes obtained from the different fractions. We obtained the flows were determined by the mass and energy balances, and the design of main equipment of the process, by using a Software Professional: Hysys v3.2. The balance sheets showed that it is possible to process 250 kg / h of fusel, to obtain 140, 4 kg / h isoamyl acetate pure, using 95,95 kg / h of acetic acid to the reaction, and 169,32 kg / h of saturated steam for operations distillation and 4,64 m3 / h of cooling water for the distillation and cooling of the reaction. We performed the economic analysis, obtaining the amount of total investment of $ 1 043 687, 72 and a total production cost of $ 19 914 014,771 per year, with a gain of $ 17 691 952, 46 USD / year and a payback period at discounted (PRD) of 0.5 years.
In the present investigation was carried out to design a plant for the production of isoamyl acetate, a residue from the distillation alcohol: fusel oil. This ester produced is a product of high added value in the pharmaceutical, food, paints, among others. This process consists of four basic stages, dehydration of fusel, separation of different isoamyl alcohol to reach, by fractional distillation, the reaction of these alcohols, acetic acid, and separation of products by distillation, for isoamyl acetate with high purity. A literature search was conducted to determine the main forms of exploitation of fusel oils, as well as different ways of production of isoamyl acetate. We performed the experimental part, covering the four stages of the process, very little product was obtained due to the volumes obtained from the different fractions. We obtained the flows were determined by the mass and energy balances, and the design of main equipment of the process, by using a Software Professional: Hysys v3.2. The balance sheets showed that it is possible to process 250 kg / h of fusel, to obtain 140, 4 kg / h isoamyl acetate pure, using 95,95 kg / h of acetic acid to the reaction, and 169,32 kg / h of saturated steam for operations distillation and 4,64 m3 / h of cooling water for the distillation and cooling of the reaction. We performed the economic analysis, obtaining the amount of total investment of $ 1 043 687, 72 and a total production cost of $ 19 914 014,771 per year, with a gain of $ 17 691 952, 46 USD / year and a payback period at discounted (PRD) of 0.5 years.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Aceites Fusel, Etanol, Ethanol, Destilación, Distillation, Acetato de Isoamilo, Planta de Producción, Diseño, Industria Farmacéutica