Efectividad de las guías psicoeducativas para la preparación del cuidador principal de adultos con enfermedades oncológicas.
Fecha
2013-06-26
Autores
Fernández Ramos, Rachel
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La investigación se realizó desde septiembre de 2012 hasta mayo de 2013, con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de las guías psicoeducativas dirigida al cuidador principal de pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales encargados de su atención y los propios usuarios. Se optó por un paradigma de investigación mixto específicamente en paralelo, con un diseño pre-experimental de pre y post prueba, y con un estudio explicativo, transversal y bietápico. La muestra seleccionada fue de 19 profesionales y 30 cuidadores, tanto del Hospital Provincial Docente de Oncología “María Curie” de Camagüey como del Hospital de Oncología “Conrado Benítez” de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Para la obtención de la información en la investigación, se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos como el cuestionario, la entrevista psicológica, la Escala de Likert y la observación; estas últimas antes y después de la lectura de las guías psicoeducativas. La metodología diagnóstica se aplicó individualmente. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron simultáneamente, tanto cuantitativa como cualitativamente. Se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows y específicamente se trabajó con estadísticos descriptivos, se realizó la prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon y la prueba de McNemar y el análisis de contenido. Como principal resultado científico se obtuvo que las guías psicoeducativas resultaron efectivas para propiciar la preparación del cuidador principal pacientes con enfermedades oncológicas. Por último, en las recomendaciones se ofrecen criterios relacionados con prioridades de la investigación en este campo y se sugiere la posibilidad de implementar y divulgar las mismas.
The investigation was realized from September, 2012 until May, 2013, with the target to evaluate the effectiveness of the psycho educational guide directed to the principal caretaker of patients with oncological illnesses, from the perspective of the professionals in charge of their attention and the patients themselves. A mixed paradigm of investigation with a pre-experimental design of pre and post tests was chosen, specifically in parallel and with a explicative, transverse and two stage study. The chosen sample consisted of 19 professionals and 30 caretakers, from the Provincial Teaching Hospital of Oncology “Maria Curie” of Camagüey as well as from the Hospital of Oncology “Conrado Benítez” of the province of Santiago de Cuba. To obtain the information in the investigation, theoretical and empirical methods were used such as the questionnaire, psychological interview, the Likert Scale and observation; using the last few before and after the reading of the psycho educational guides. The diagnostic methodology was applied individually. The obtained results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The statistical package SPSS was used for Windows and specifically descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon Test of Range with Sign and McNemar Test. As principal scientific result it was obtained that the psycho educational guides turned out to be effective to in the preparation of the principal caretaker of patients with oncological illnesses. Finally, the recommendations offer criteria related to the priorities of the investigation in this field and suggests the possibility of helping and of spreading the same.
The investigation was realized from September, 2012 until May, 2013, with the target to evaluate the effectiveness of the psycho educational guide directed to the principal caretaker of patients with oncological illnesses, from the perspective of the professionals in charge of their attention and the patients themselves. A mixed paradigm of investigation with a pre-experimental design of pre and post tests was chosen, specifically in parallel and with a explicative, transverse and two stage study. The chosen sample consisted of 19 professionals and 30 caretakers, from the Provincial Teaching Hospital of Oncology “Maria Curie” of Camagüey as well as from the Hospital of Oncology “Conrado Benítez” of the province of Santiago de Cuba. To obtain the information in the investigation, theoretical and empirical methods were used such as the questionnaire, psychological interview, the Likert Scale and observation; using the last few before and after the reading of the psycho educational guides. The diagnostic methodology was applied individually. The obtained results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The statistical package SPSS was used for Windows and specifically descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon Test of Range with Sign and McNemar Test. As principal scientific result it was obtained that the psycho educational guides turned out to be effective to in the preparation of the principal caretaker of patients with oncological illnesses. Finally, the recommendations offer criteria related to the priorities of the investigation in this field and suggests the possibility of helping and of spreading the same.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Guía Psicoeducativa, Cuidador Principal, Enfermedades Oncológicas, Psychoeducational Guide, Principal Guard, Oncological Diseases