Diseño de un programa psicoeducativo para la prevención del tabaquismo en estudiantes universitarios.
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Fecha
2012-06-26
Autores
Alvarez Laureiro, Rosanaily
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
Como respuesta al incremento del tabaquismo en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, se lleva a cabo la presente investigación con el objetivo de contribuir a la prevención del tabaquismo en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Eléctrica mediante el diseño de un Programa psicoeducativo.
Se asumió un paradigma mixto cuanti-cualitativo estructurado en dos etapas. Durante la primera etapa se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, quedando conformada la muestra por 150 estudiantes, de ellos 68 fumadores. Los instrumentos de evaluación empleados fueron la revisión de documentos oficiales, encuestas y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los datos se procesaron cuantitativamente con la ayuda del procesador estadístico SPSS, acompañándose de interpretaciones cualitativas. Entre los principales resultados se constata un nivel medio de conocimiento respecto al tema y una percepción de riesgo parcialmente adecuada, que condicionan la actitud asumida ante la problemática; identificándose entre las principales necesidades psicoeducativas incrementar en cantidad y calidad la información que reciben del tabaquismo, de adecuar la percepción de riesgo sobre el mismo, y desarrollar mecanismos autorregulatorios protectores en los fumadores y no fumadores.
Durante la segunda etapa se procedió con el diseño de un Programa psicoeducativo para la prevención del tabaquismo en estudiantes universitarios, el cual abarca 7 sesiones de trabajo grupal, integrando técnicas orientadas a adecuar la percepción de riesgo y consecuentemente, reducir la incidencia del tabaquismo. Asimismo, se analizan los criterios aportados por los especialistas, los cuales avalan la pertinencia y utilidad del Programa.
In response to the increment of the tobacco addiction in Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, the present investigation is made and pursued as objective to contribute to the prevention of the tobacco addiction in the students of Eléctrica's faculty through a psycho-educative program. A mixed quantitative-qualitative paradigm is assumed, structured in two stages. the first one comprised a transverse type descriptive study, conforming the sample 150 students, of them 68 smokers. the evaluation instruments employed were the official- documents revision, opinion polls and semi-structured interviews. data was processed quantitatively with the statistical software SPSS, accompanied of qualitative interpretations. Among the main results a medium knowledge level in relation to the theme and a partially risk perception was detected, which supports the attitude assumed with the problem; coming as main psycho-educative needs: to increment the bulk and quality of the information they receive about tobacco addiction, to make suitable the risk perception about it, and to develop auto-regulatory mechanisms in the smokers and protecting factors in the nonsmokers. During the second stage a Psycho-Educative Program was conformed, in order to prevent tobacco addiction in university students, which holds 7 workgroup sessions, integrating orientated techniques to make suitable the risk perception and consequently, reducing the tobacco addiction's incidence. in like manner, the specialists´s delivered criteria vouch for its pertinence and utility.
In response to the increment of the tobacco addiction in Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, the present investigation is made and pursued as objective to contribute to the prevention of the tobacco addiction in the students of Eléctrica's faculty through a psycho-educative program. A mixed quantitative-qualitative paradigm is assumed, structured in two stages. the first one comprised a transverse type descriptive study, conforming the sample 150 students, of them 68 smokers. the evaluation instruments employed were the official- documents revision, opinion polls and semi-structured interviews. data was processed quantitatively with the statistical software SPSS, accompanied of qualitative interpretations. Among the main results a medium knowledge level in relation to the theme and a partially risk perception was detected, which supports the attitude assumed with the problem; coming as main psycho-educative needs: to increment the bulk and quality of the information they receive about tobacco addiction, to make suitable the risk perception about it, and to develop auto-regulatory mechanisms in the smokers and protecting factors in the nonsmokers. During the second stage a Psycho-Educative Program was conformed, in order to prevent tobacco addiction in university students, which holds 7 workgroup sessions, integrating orientated techniques to make suitable the risk perception and consequently, reducing the tobacco addiction's incidence. in like manner, the specialists´s delivered criteria vouch for its pertinence and utility.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Tabaquismo, Prevención, Percepción de Riesgo, Programas Psicoeducativos, Tobacco Addiction, Prevention, Risk Perception, Phsycho-educative Program