Efectos de un programa de psicoestimulación cognitiva en Adultos Mayores Sanos internos en la Prisión Provincial de Cienfuegos.
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Fecha
2010-07-21
Autores
Torres Machado, Héctor Manuel
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se llevó a cabo durante el período comprendido entre enero y mayo del 2010. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo exploratorio a través de un diseño preexperimental cuya muestra fue la población de Adultos Mayores Sanos internos, que pertenecen a la Prisión Provincial de Cienfuegos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo general: Evaluar los efectos de un programa de psicoestimulación en la memoria, la atención y el lenguaje de los internos estudiados.
Para la obtención de la información se utilizó un protocolo de evaluación neuropsicológica que incluye las siguientes pruebas: la entrevista psicológica semiestructurada, el Examen Mínimo del Estado Mental, la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica Abreviada, Prueba de fluidez verbal (FAS), Dígitos del WAIS III, Cubos WAIS III, Figuras incompletas WAIS III, y aplicación del programa "Taller de memoria".
Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron estadísticamente mediante técnicas incluidas en el SPSS. A través de las mismas se pudo evidenciar que las principales características neuropsicológicas evaluadas de todas las funciones cognitivas mejoraron significativamente obteniendo valores significativos que pudieron demostrar la efectividad del programa de intervención, destacando dentro de estas: la atención, el lenguaje, la memoria procedimental, la memoria inmediata, la memoria visual, la memoria verbal, la memoria semántica y la subjetiva. Se constató además la incidencia del nivel escolar en los resultados de la prueba de la figura humana correspondientes a la memoria visual.
Finalmente se proponen conclusiones y recomendaciones para desarrollar posteriores intervenciones con estos internos sanos, encaminadas a la rehabilitación neuropsicológica, al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los mismos y para realizar futuras investigaciones en este campo.
This research was conducted during the period between January and May 2010. We performed an exploratory quantitative study through preexperimental design with a sample population of healthy elderly inmates who belong to the Cienfuegos Provincial Prison. The study had the general objective: To assess the effects of a psychostimulation in memory, attention and language of the inmates studied. In order to obtain information used a neuropsychological assessment protocol includes the following tests: the semistructured psychological interview, the Minimum Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, verbal fluency test (FAS), the WAIS III Digit , Block WAIS III, WAIS III incomplete figures, and implementation of the 'Workshop of memory. The results were statistically analyzed by technical features in SPSS. Through the same could show that the main features of all assessed neuropsychological cognitive function improved significantly by obtaining significant values that might demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention program, stressing in these: attention, language, procedural memory, the immediate memory, visual memory, verbal memory, semantic memory and subjective. There was also the incidence of grade level on the test results of the human figure for visual memory. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are proposed to further develop these inmates healthy interventions aimed at neuropsychological rehabilitation, improving quality of life for themselves and for future research in this field.
This research was conducted during the period between January and May 2010. We performed an exploratory quantitative study through preexperimental design with a sample population of healthy elderly inmates who belong to the Cienfuegos Provincial Prison. The study had the general objective: To assess the effects of a psychostimulation in memory, attention and language of the inmates studied. In order to obtain information used a neuropsychological assessment protocol includes the following tests: the semistructured psychological interview, the Minimum Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, verbal fluency test (FAS), the WAIS III Digit , Block WAIS III, WAIS III incomplete figures, and implementation of the 'Workshop of memory. The results were statistically analyzed by technical features in SPSS. Through the same could show that the main features of all assessed neuropsychological cognitive function improved significantly by obtaining significant values that might demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention program, stressing in these: attention, language, procedural memory, the immediate memory, visual memory, verbal memory, semantic memory and subjective. There was also the incidence of grade level on the test results of the human figure for visual memory. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are proposed to further develop these inmates healthy interventions aimed at neuropsychological rehabilitation, improving quality of life for themselves and for future research in this field.
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Palabras clave
Adulto Mayor Sano, Exploración Neuropsicológica, Psicoestimulación y Rehabilitación Cognitiva, Healthy Elderly, Neuropsychological