Diseño, fabricación y uso de dispositivo para la obtención de metalocerámicas mediante procesos alumino-carbotérmicos
Fecha
2013-07-20
Autores
González Mesa, Oscar Yalier
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En la presente investigación se diseñó y fabricó un dispositivo para presurizar mezclas pulverulentas, en forma de pastillas cilíndricas con un orificio central, de mineral cromífero del yacimiento Cayo Guam, aluminio y grafito. Las pastillas son compactadas bajo presiones hasta 40 MPa. Como material para el molde se seleccionaron dos aceros, X12M y grado 45, el primero destinado a las piezas que están sometidas a cargas de 40 MPa de compresión, donde se realizó el tratamiento térmico de las piezas más críticas y el segundo destinado a las piezas que no están sometidas a altas cargas de compresión. Las materias primas fueron pulverizadas en un molino de bola a tamaño de grano < 50 µm
y de la composición química de la roca cromífera se realizaron los cálculos estequiométricos para confeccionar una mezcla que actuara como una termita, cuya reacción aluminotermia controlada hasta 1100 oC en una mufla y posteriormente sometida aproximadamente a 2000 oC con asistencia de arco eléctrico en un horno especialmente diseñado para la ocasión.
In this research study a device was designed and made to pressurize powder mixtures of chromite ore from the Key Guam deposit, aluminum and graphite in the form of cylindrical tablets with a central hole. The tablets are compacted under pressures up to 40 MPa. Two types of steel, grade x12m and grade 45 were used to make the mould. The first one intended for the parts that are subjected to loads of 40 MPa of compression, where the heat treatment of the most critical parts was performed, and the second one intended for those parts that are not subjected to high loads of compression. The raw materials were pulverized in a ball mill to a grain size of <50 µm and stoichiometric calculations were performed on the chemical compound of the chromite rock in order to make a mixture to act as a thermite. The aluminothermic reaction was controlled in a muffle up to 1100 oC and then was submitted to approximately 2000 oC, with the assistance of an electric arc in a furnace specially designed for the occasion.
In this research study a device was designed and made to pressurize powder mixtures of chromite ore from the Key Guam deposit, aluminum and graphite in the form of cylindrical tablets with a central hole. The tablets are compacted under pressures up to 40 MPa. Two types of steel, grade x12m and grade 45 were used to make the mould. The first one intended for the parts that are subjected to loads of 40 MPa of compression, where the heat treatment of the most critical parts was performed, and the second one intended for those parts that are not subjected to high loads of compression. The raw materials were pulverized in a ball mill to a grain size of <50 µm and stoichiometric calculations were performed on the chemical compound of the chromite rock in order to make a mixture to act as a thermite. The aluminothermic reaction was controlled in a muffle up to 1100 oC and then was submitted to approximately 2000 oC, with the assistance of an electric arc in a furnace specially designed for the occasion.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Metal, Cerámica, Materias Primas