Determinación de metales en hortalizas y parámetros físico-químicos de las aguas de riego de dos organopónicos de Camagüey
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Fecha
2015-06-25
Autores
Mirabent Valdovinos, Cecilia
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó en el período comprendido de Febrero a Junio del 2014, en organopónicos de La Rubia y Planta Mecánica pertenecientes a la ciudad de Camagüey, con el objetivo de determinar concentraciones de metales en hortalizas y parámetros físico-químicos en aguas de regadíos. Las hortalizas analizadas fueron las ofertadas en el momento del muestreo, se determinó concentraciones de cadmio, plomo, cobalto, hierro, manganeso, zinc, cobre y níquel en el Instituto Nacional de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología Ciudad de La Habana, a partir del Método de Absorción Atómica con Llama; empleando Normas establecidas por MINSAP, encontrándose valores elevados de hierro y manganeso, como los más significativos, sin embargo no existen normas que establezcan los límites máximos admisibles(LMA) de algunos de los metales analizados en hortalizas.
Las muestras de agua fueron analizadas en el Laboratorio de la Empresa Nacional de Análisis y Servicios Técnicos (ENAST), UEB Camagüey, por normas vigentes, donde se determinaron : conductividad eléctrica, pH, cloruros, magnesio, nitritos, nitratos, sulfato, amoniaco, carbonato y cromo. Los resultados más significativos se mostraron en cuanto a una elevada conductividad, concentración alta de nitratos y pequeñas alteraciones en las concentraciones de cromo hexavalente. Además se identificaron fuentes de exposición laboral en zonas aledañas a estos organopónicos y se valoraron los principales efectos de los metales determinados en la salud de las personas. Los resultados fueron tabulados y se aplicó el Método Statigraphic, en el trabajo se muestran los resultados en tablas y gráficos.
The present investigation was carried out in the understood period of February to June of the 2014, in organoponics of The Blond and Mechanical Plant belonging to the city of Camagüey, with the objective of determining concentrations of metals in vegetables and physical-chemical parameters in waters of irrigable. The analyzed vegetables were those offered in the moment of the sampling, it was determined concentrations of cadmium, lead, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and nickel in the National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology City of Havana, starting from the Method of Atomic Absorption with Flame; using Norms settled down by MINSAP, he/she was high values of iron and manganese, as the most significant thing in spite of being concentrations of other metals, however norms that establish the limits maximum admisibles(LMA) don't exist of some of these metals in vegetables. The samples of water were analyzed in the Laboratory of the National Company of Analysis and Technical Services (ENAST), UEB Camagüey, for effective norms, where they were determined: electric conductivity, pH, chlorides, magnesium, saltpeters, nitrates, sulfate, ammonia, carbonate and chromium. The most significant results were shown as for a high conductivity, high concentration of nitrates and small alterations in the concentrations of chromium hexavalente. Sources of labor exhibition were also identified in near areas to these organoponics and the main effects of the metals were valued determined in the health of people. The results were tabulated and the Method Statigraphic was applied, in the work the results are shown in charts and graphics.
The present investigation was carried out in the understood period of February to June of the 2014, in organoponics of The Blond and Mechanical Plant belonging to the city of Camagüey, with the objective of determining concentrations of metals in vegetables and physical-chemical parameters in waters of irrigable. The analyzed vegetables were those offered in the moment of the sampling, it was determined concentrations of cadmium, lead, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc, copper and nickel in the National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology City of Havana, starting from the Method of Atomic Absorption with Flame; using Norms settled down by MINSAP, he/she was high values of iron and manganese, as the most significant thing in spite of being concentrations of other metals, however norms that establish the limits maximum admisibles(LMA) don't exist of some of these metals in vegetables. The samples of water were analyzed in the Laboratory of the National Company of Analysis and Technical Services (ENAST), UEB Camagüey, for effective norms, where they were determined: electric conductivity, pH, chlorides, magnesium, saltpeters, nitrates, sulfate, ammonia, carbonate and chromium. The most significant results were shown as for a high conductivity, high concentration of nitrates and small alterations in the concentrations of chromium hexavalente. Sources of labor exhibition were also identified in near areas to these organoponics and the main effects of the metals were valued determined in the health of people. The results were tabulated and the Method Statigraphic was applied, in the work the results are shown in charts and graphics.
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Agricultura Urbana, Urban Agriculture, Organopónico La Rubia, Organopónico Planta Mecánica, Camagüey, Aguas Superficiales, Absorción Atómica, Laboratorio de la Empresa Nacional de Análisis y Servicios Técnicos (ENAST), Contaminantes del Agua, Water Pollutants