Influencia de la composición química y mineralógica de las calizas en su empleo para la producción de cementos de base clínker-arcilla calcinada-caliza-yeso
Fecha
2014-06-26
Autores
Yanes Ruiz, Yaité
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
En la presente investigación se evalúa el efecto de la composición química y
mineralógica de las calizas sobre las propiedades físico - mecánicas de aglomerantes
cementicios de base (48% de clínker, 30% de arcilla, 15% de caliza y 7% de yeso). Las
calizas y la arcilla fueron elegidas según las características de su composición química,
empleándose el mismo clínker y yeso usado para la producción industrial en la fábrica
de cemento Siguaney. Para la formulación del cemento las materias primas fueron
sometidas a un proceso de reducción de tamaño de partículas con una trituradora de
mandíbulas y preparadas en un molino de bolas según la finura normada. A través de la
proporción planteada, se produjeron 5 tipos de cementos, B45 LT1, B45 LT2, B45
RMD, B45 LV y B45 NM en un molino de bolas, manteniendo en cada proporción el
clínker, la arcilla y el yeso empleado. Todas las materias primas fueron analizadas
químicamente por vía húmeda. La identificación y cuantificación de las fases arcillosas
se realizó por Difracción de Rayos X (DRX). La Espectroscopia Infrarroja fue utilizada
como método auxiliar para identificar y caracterizar la estructura de las calizas
seleccionadas. Los cementos fueron evaluados a través del método de Calorimetría
Isotérmica, para lo que se elaboraron 20 g de cada pasta con una relación agua /
aglomerante = 0,5 obteniéndose lecturas cada 60 segundos durante 3 días. Además se
prepararon cinco series de morteros para ser sometidos a ensayos de resistencia
mecánica a la compresión a las edades de 3, 7 y 28 días. A partir del análisis de las
curvas de calor liberado y calor acumulado así como los valores de resistencia a la
compresión en morteros a 3, 7 y 28 días, se concluyó que no se observan diferencias
apreciables entre los sistemas ante el empleo de diferentes tipos de caliza.
In this research, the effect of chemical and mineralogical composition of limestone on the mechanical properties of cements base (48 % of clinker, 30 % of clay, 15 % of limestone and 7 % of gypsum) are analyses. Limestone and clay were elected according to the characteristics of their chemical composition, using the same clinker and gypsum than in industrial production in the cement factory Siguaney. For the formulation of cement, the raw materials were subjected to a process of particles size reduction, with a jaw grinder and prepared in a ball mill according to the regulated fineness. According to the proportions, five types of cement B45 were produced B45 LT1, B45 LT2, B45 RMD, B45 LV and B45 NM in a ball mill, keeping the clinker in each proportion, the clay and the employed gypsum. All the raw materials were analyzed chemically by wet way. The identification and quantification of the clayey phases came true for X-Ray Diffraction (DRX). The Infrared Spectroscopy was used as auxiliary method to identify and characterizing the structure of the selected limestone. Cements were evaluated through the Isothermic Calorimetry method, so that they elaborated 20 g of every paste with a w/c 0,5 taking readings every 60 seconds during 3 days. Besides, five series of mortars were subjected to mechanical resistance to the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. From the analysis of the curves of liberated heat and cumulated heat as well as the values of compression strength in mortars to 3, 7 and 28 days, it was concluded that appreciable differences between different kinds of limestone in the systems, are not appreciated.
In this research, the effect of chemical and mineralogical composition of limestone on the mechanical properties of cements base (48 % of clinker, 30 % of clay, 15 % of limestone and 7 % of gypsum) are analyses. Limestone and clay were elected according to the characteristics of their chemical composition, using the same clinker and gypsum than in industrial production in the cement factory Siguaney. For the formulation of cement, the raw materials were subjected to a process of particles size reduction, with a jaw grinder and prepared in a ball mill according to the regulated fineness. According to the proportions, five types of cement B45 were produced B45 LT1, B45 LT2, B45 RMD, B45 LV and B45 NM in a ball mill, keeping the clinker in each proportion, the clay and the employed gypsum. All the raw materials were analyzed chemically by wet way. The identification and quantification of the clayey phases came true for X-Ray Diffraction (DRX). The Infrared Spectroscopy was used as auxiliary method to identify and characterizing the structure of the selected limestone. Cements were evaluated through the Isothermic Calorimetry method, so that they elaborated 20 g of every paste with a w/c 0,5 taking readings every 60 seconds during 3 days. Besides, five series of mortars were subjected to mechanical resistance to the ages of 3, 7 and 28 days. From the analysis of the curves of liberated heat and cumulated heat as well as the values of compression strength in mortars to 3, 7 and 28 days, it was concluded that appreciable differences between different kinds of limestone in the systems, are not appreciated.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Composición Química y Mineralógica de las Calizas, Cementos de Base Clínker-Arcilla Calcinada-Caliza-Yeso, Propiedades Físico - Mecánicas de Aglomerantes Cementicios, Fábrica de Cemento Siguaney