Propuesta tecnológica para la obtención de glucosa por hidrólisis enzimática a partir del azúcar refino
Fecha
2016-06
Autores
Rodríguez Hernández, Roger Alejandro
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio del proceso de producción de glucosa por inversión ácida a partir de azúcar refino en la UEB “Chiquitico Fabregat“ el cual presenta un alto índice de insumo de materia prima, la planta según diseño consume 6 t refino/t glucosa y además genera 6 t de jarabe de fructosa, ocasionado esto por la baja conversión en la hidrólisis. Un bajo rendimiento en cristales provocado por no alcanzar el hidrolizado el grado de enfriamiento necesario conlleva a que el sirope de fructosa contenga un elevado por ciento de glucosa que no logra cristalizar. La formación de productos coloreados con presencia de cenizas y subproductos no deseados debido al empleo de ácido fosfórico a elevadas temperaturas influyen en la calidad de la glucosa obtenida.
Se propone la sustitución de la etapa de hidrólisis ácida por la enzimática empleando como biocatalizador el conjugado invertasa-quitosana inmovilizado en un soporte sólido de quitina- carboximetilcelulosa, al cual se le realizó una evaluación a escala de laboratorio y presentó mayor estabilidad funcional y operacional que su contraparte nativa en un mismo período de trabajo, además de su posibilidad de reuso y persistencia en su actividad enzimática con el tiempo de almacenaje. Mediante un análisis económico se demostró que esta sustitución es factible dado que el valor de la producción obtenida mediante la hidrólisis enzimática supera en 1,53 veces al obtenido en la ácida. Esto se debe a la continuidad del proceso de producción y al mayor grado de conversión que se puede obtener.
This work is about the study of the production process of glucose through acidic investment from refined sugar at the milling "Chiquitico Fabregat" with a high consumption of raw material, the milling according design get 6 t refining / t glucose and also generates 6 t fructose syrup, due the low conversion by hydrolysis. A low yield crystals caused by the hydrolyzate crystals doesn’t reach the degree of cooling required, therefore fructose syrup contains a high per cent glucose fails to crystallize. The formation of colored products with ash and byproducts due the use of phosphoric acid at high temperatures affect the quality of the glucose obtained. It was proposed the enzymatic hydrolysis instead of acid hydrolysis, using invertase-chitosan enzyme as biocatalyst conjugate, uptaken on a solid support chitin-carboxymethyl, that biocatalyst was evaluated as lab scale, being of greater functional and operational stability than the native counterpart in the same time of work, also was evalauted it the high capacity of reuse, enzyme activity persistence during the time of storage. Through the economical analysis it was demostrated it, this proposal is feasible because the value of production obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis exceeds 1,53 times that obtained in the acid procedure. This behavior is for the continuity of the production process and the higher degree of conversion can be obtained.
This work is about the study of the production process of glucose through acidic investment from refined sugar at the milling "Chiquitico Fabregat" with a high consumption of raw material, the milling according design get 6 t refining / t glucose and also generates 6 t fructose syrup, due the low conversion by hydrolysis. A low yield crystals caused by the hydrolyzate crystals doesn’t reach the degree of cooling required, therefore fructose syrup contains a high per cent glucose fails to crystallize. The formation of colored products with ash and byproducts due the use of phosphoric acid at high temperatures affect the quality of the glucose obtained. It was proposed the enzymatic hydrolysis instead of acid hydrolysis, using invertase-chitosan enzyme as biocatalyst conjugate, uptaken on a solid support chitin-carboxymethyl, that biocatalyst was evaluated as lab scale, being of greater functional and operational stability than the native counterpart in the same time of work, also was evalauted it the high capacity of reuse, enzyme activity persistence during the time of storage. Through the economical analysis it was demostrated it, this proposal is feasible because the value of production obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis exceeds 1,53 times that obtained in the acid procedure. This behavior is for the continuity of the production process and the higher degree of conversion can be obtained.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Azúcar Refino, UEB “Chiquitico Fabregat“, Glucosa, Hidrólisis Enzimática