Propuesta de medidas de producciones más limpias en el teñido del tejido poliéster-algodón
Fecha
2017
Autores
Arbona Cabrera, Mercedes
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Química.
Resumen
El presente trabajo se desarrolló en la sección de teñido de la UB “Desembarco del Granma”.
El teñido tiene la finalidad de lograr la coloración uniforme de las fibras que constituyen el
material textil, usualmente para coincidir con un color previamente especificado. Dicho proceso
involucra una gran cantidad de productos químicos y otros recursos cuyo impacto sobre el
medio ambiente no había sido totalmente identificado. El objetivo de la investigación fue
proponer medidas de producciones más limpias en el teñido del tejido poliéster- algodón.
Se aplicó la metodología del Análisis de Ciclo de Vida y el programa Sima Pro 8.0, con el cual
se cuantificó el impacto sobre el medio ambiente de productos químicos y otros recursos
empleados en el proceso de teñido.
El Análisis de Ciclo de Vida constituyó una herramienta útil para la definición de prioridades y
diseño de procesos y productos, selección y evaluación de indicadores ambientales relevantes
de rendimiento en el proceso textil. Al aplicar la metodología RECIPE se determinó que, en la
categoría de daños, los recursos resultaron los más impactados por el proceso de teñido,
donde el consumo de combustible fósil y el agua tienen un papel primordial.
Se realizaron los procesos de igualación de color con el empleo del equipo color matching. Las
recetas obtenidas cuando se le añade carbonato de sodio a los colorantes dispersos resultaron
igualadas con más facilidad que las que no tenían el carbonato de sodio presente en el
momento de igualar el disperso. Al realizar el teñido a escala industrial con las recetas
optimizadas se ahorraron $ 224,85 al evitarse cinco correcciones industriales.
Para disminuir del impacto ambiental de la quema de combustible fósil se propuso el empleo
del aditivo ADI3TEK. Pudieran ahorrarse 117,51 $/ año si se reponen los aislamientos que se
encuentran en mal estado.
La ejecución de la metodología RECIPE permitió corroborar los beneficios obtenidos al aplicar
las recetas optimizadas para el teñido del tejido poliéster- algodón en un baño.
The present work was developed in the staining section of the UB "Desembarco del Granma". The dyeing has the purpose of achieving the uniform coloration of the fibers constituting the textile material, usually to coincide with a previously specified color. This process involves a large number of chemicals and other resources whose impact on the environment has not been fully identified. The objective of the research was to propose measures of cleaner productions in the dyeing of polyester-cotton fabric. The methodology of the Life Cycle Analysis and the Sima Pro 8.0 program were applied, which quantified the impact on the environment of chemical products and other resources used in the dyeing process. The Life Cycle Analysis was a useful tool for the definition of priorities and design of processes and products, selection and evaluation of relevant environmental performance indicators in the textile process. In applying the RECIPE methodology, it was determined that, in the category of damages, the resources were the most impacted by the dyeing process, where fossil fuel consumption and water have a primordial role. Color matching processes were performed using color matching equipment. The recipes obtained when sodium carbonate was added to the dispersed dyes were more easily matched than those without the sodium carbonate present at the time of equalizing the dispersed. Dyeing on an industrial scale with the optimized recipes saved $ 224,85 by avoiding five industrial corrections. To reduce the environmental impact of the burning of fossil fuel, the ADI3TEK additive was proposed. They could save $ 117,51 / year if the insulation is recovered that are in bad condition. The implementation of the RECIPE methodology allowed corroborating the benefits obtained by applying the recipes optimized for the dyeing of the polyester-cotton fabric in a bath.
The present work was developed in the staining section of the UB "Desembarco del Granma". The dyeing has the purpose of achieving the uniform coloration of the fibers constituting the textile material, usually to coincide with a previously specified color. This process involves a large number of chemicals and other resources whose impact on the environment has not been fully identified. The objective of the research was to propose measures of cleaner productions in the dyeing of polyester-cotton fabric. The methodology of the Life Cycle Analysis and the Sima Pro 8.0 program were applied, which quantified the impact on the environment of chemical products and other resources used in the dyeing process. The Life Cycle Analysis was a useful tool for the definition of priorities and design of processes and products, selection and evaluation of relevant environmental performance indicators in the textile process. In applying the RECIPE methodology, it was determined that, in the category of damages, the resources were the most impacted by the dyeing process, where fossil fuel consumption and water have a primordial role. Color matching processes were performed using color matching equipment. The recipes obtained when sodium carbonate was added to the dispersed dyes were more easily matched than those without the sodium carbonate present at the time of equalizing the dispersed. Dyeing on an industrial scale with the optimized recipes saved $ 224,85 by avoiding five industrial corrections. To reduce the environmental impact of the burning of fossil fuel, the ADI3TEK additive was proposed. They could save $ 117,51 / year if the insulation is recovered that are in bad condition. The implementation of the RECIPE methodology allowed corroborating the benefits obtained by applying the recipes optimized for the dyeing of the polyester-cotton fabric in a bath.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Empresa Textil “Desembarco del Granma”, Santa Clara, Industria Textil, Proceso de Teñido, Análisis de Ciclo de Vida