Procedimiento para la caracterización de la generación de los residuos sólidos urbanos en Santa Clara
Fecha
2018
Autores
Pérez Cruz, Ana Aristela
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial
Resumen
Para la realización de una gestión adecuada de los residuos sólidos que permita desarrollar una planeación estratégica es importante contar con datos confiables de generación y composición. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar herramental necesario para la caracterización de los residuos sólidos urbanos adaptado a las condiciones de Santa Clara que permita conocer su generación y composición. Se estructura en dos capítulos, en el primero se presenta una recopilación bibliográfica de los principales aspectos teóricos relacionados con los RSU, su gestión y caracterización y el segundo contiene una caracterización preliminar de la GIRSU en Santa Clara y el diseño del procedimiento de caracterización de los RSU adecuado a la misma. Esto se lleva a cabo mediante la aplicación de métodos y técnicas, como la consulta de documentos, entrevistas, observación directa, así como la aplicación del software libre QGIS (Versión 2.18) y la utilización del Microsoft Excel. El procedimiento es una guía que contiene los pasos para la planificación, diseño y ejecución de un estudio de caracterización de los RSU, permitiendo conocer los índices de generación real, la composición de los residuos y la densidad de los mismos, incógnitas que continúa siendo una tarea pendiente por el desafío que implica la gestión de los RSU y por las condiciones deficitarias en términos económicos y financieros que existen en Cuba.
For the realization of an appropriate administration of the solid residuals that allows to develop a strategic planning it is important to have reliable data of generation and composition. The present investigation has as objective to identify necessary tools for the characterization of the urban solid residuals adapted to Santa Clara's conditions that he/she allows to know its generation and composition. It is structured in two chapters, in the first one it is presented a bibliographical summary of the main theoretical aspects related with the USR, their administration and characterization and the second it contains a preliminary characterization of the IAUSR in Santa Clara and the design of the procedure of characterization from the appropriate USR to the same one. This is carried out by means of the application of methods and technical, as the consultation of documents, interviews, direct observation, as well as the application of the free software QGIS (Version 2.18) and the use of the Microsoft Excel. The procedure is a guide that contains the steps for the planning, design and execution of a study of characterization of the USR, allowing to know the indexes of real generation, the composition of the residuals and the density of the same, incognito that it continues being a pending task for the challenge that implies the administration of the USR and for the deficit conditions in economic and financial terms that exist in Cuba.
For the realization of an appropriate administration of the solid residuals that allows to develop a strategic planning it is important to have reliable data of generation and composition. The present investigation has as objective to identify necessary tools for the characterization of the urban solid residuals adapted to Santa Clara's conditions that he/she allows to know its generation and composition. It is structured in two chapters, in the first one it is presented a bibliographical summary of the main theoretical aspects related with the USR, their administration and characterization and the second it contains a preliminary characterization of the IAUSR in Santa Clara and the design of the procedure of characterization from the appropriate USR to the same one. This is carried out by means of the application of methods and technical, as the consultation of documents, interviews, direct observation, as well as the application of the free software QGIS (Version 2.18) and the use of the Microsoft Excel. The procedure is a guide that contains the steps for the planning, design and execution of a study of characterization of the USR, allowing to know the indexes of real generation, the composition of the residuals and the density of the same, incognito that it continues being a pending task for the challenge that implies the administration of the USR and for the deficit conditions in economic and financial terms that exist in Cuba.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Villa Clara, Residuos Sólidos Urbanos, Métodos de Recolección, Transporte