Asistencia algorítmica para el proceso de optimización en los problemas de enrutamiento de vehículos
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González García, Ilena
Rodríguez Montero, Yailín
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La optimización, como actividad científica, posee una significativa influencia en el incremento de la efectividad de cualquier decisión logística, con especial énfasis en las decisiones de enrutamiento de vehículos. A pesar de estas decisiones han sido ampliamente estudiadas, las investigaciones relativa a la optimización, en su mayoría, centran su atención en la prueba empírica de los métodos de solución ya establecidos en la literatura científica o en otras, son desarrollados nuevos métodos para tales fines. Sin embargo, en ambos casos, los mayores aportes están dirigidos al desarrollo o aplicación de métodos de optimización, desconociéndose a priori que tan efectivos pueden ser dichos métodos, considerando además las características del problema en un contexto multivariado. En adición a lo anterior, las metodologías estudiadas para llevar a cabo la optimización carecen de etapas que posibiliten comprobar el grado de pertinencia de los métodos propuestos, debido en lo fundamental a la inexistencia de un enfoque integrador, del cual precisan las decisiones de enrutamiento.
En la presente investigación se superan las insuficiencias planteadas mediante el desarrollo de un modelo conceptual y un procedimiento general para asistir la toma de decisiones referida a los procesos de optimización que tienen lugar en la planeación de flotas de vehículos. Dentro de los principales aportes de la investigación se encuentran: la concepción del proceso de optimización en tres etapas (pre-optimización, optimización y post-optimización), desarrollo y modificación de métodos meta-heurísticos como nuevas estrategias de solución para decisiones de enrutamiento de vehículos. Finalmente, los algoritmos desarrollados fueron exitosamente aplicados en la planificación recorridos para la reparación de averías en redes eléctricas en una parte del territorio nacional.
Optimization, as a scientific activity, has a significant influence on increasing the effectiveness of logistics decisions. Various researches have been developed for optimization problems existing in the logistics systems. These researches mostly focus on the empirical test of the solution methods already established in the scientific literature or in other, new methods, which are developed for such purposes. However, in both cases, the greatest contributions are addressed to the development or application of optimization methods, unknowing, before hand, how effective these methods can be, considering also the characteristics of the problem in a multivariate context. In addition to the above, the studied methodologies to carry out the optimization lack of some stage that allow to check the relevance degree of the proposed methods, due basically to the nonexistence of an integrative approach, which require logistics decisions. In the present research inadequacies are overcome by developing a conceptual model and a general procedure to assist decision making relating to the optimization processes taking place in logistics systems. Among the main research contributions are included: the design of the optimization process into three stages (pre-optimization, optimization and post-optimization), development and modification of meta-heuristic methods and new solution strategies for logistics decisions, specifically for vehicle routing. Finally, the algorithms developed were successfully applied in planning routes for the repair of breakdown in electricity grids within a sector of the country.
Optimization, as a scientific activity, has a significant influence on increasing the effectiveness of logistics decisions. Various researches have been developed for optimization problems existing in the logistics systems. These researches mostly focus on the empirical test of the solution methods already established in the scientific literature or in other, new methods, which are developed for such purposes. However, in both cases, the greatest contributions are addressed to the development or application of optimization methods, unknowing, before hand, how effective these methods can be, considering also the characteristics of the problem in a multivariate context. In addition to the above, the studied methodologies to carry out the optimization lack of some stage that allow to check the relevance degree of the proposed methods, due basically to the nonexistence of an integrative approach, which require logistics decisions. In the present research inadequacies are overcome by developing a conceptual model and a general procedure to assist decision making relating to the optimization processes taking place in logistics systems. Among the main research contributions are included: the design of the optimization process into three stages (pre-optimization, optimization and post-optimization), development and modification of meta-heuristic methods and new solution strategies for logistics decisions, specifically for vehicle routing. Finally, the algorithms developed were successfully applied in planning routes for the repair of breakdown in electricity grids within a sector of the country.