Estudio sobre necesidades y expectativas de los habitantes de las comunidades rurales de montaña en cuanto a vivienda. Caso de estudio: Comunidad San Blas, Cumanayagua
Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Puentes Martín, Jessica
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de las Villas
Resumen
Gubernamentalmente, en Cuba, han sido muchos los intentos realizados para
contribuir a la adecuación y perfeccionamiento del hábitat rural debido al valioso
progreso productivo que aporta al país, no obstante, los medios y las propuestas
ejecutadas no han arrojado resultados satisfactorios. La vivienda, en particular, la
ubicada en zonas de montaña, es uno de las unidades más afectadas, sobre todo
arquitectónicamente. Como aporte teórico-metodológico, la presente investigación
propone la implementación de una herramienta metodológica de carácter
participativo, que facilita la identificación de las necesidades y expectativa de los
habitantes en la comunidad de San Blas, en cuanto al diseño arquitectónico de su
vivienda. A partir de un diagnóstico práctico y sobre todo participativo rural, la
metodología se apoya en el uso de técnicas como la observación no participativa y
entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas a especialistas, actores locales y al
grupo focal comunitario, que convierten a los pobladores en protagonistas de la
investigación. La información adquirida se somete a un proceso de medición
cualitativo que va desde lo general a una síntesis de las necesidades y expectativas agrupadas por cinco dimensiones –Ambiental, Socio-cultural, Técnico-constructiva, Espacial-funcional y Expresivo- formal−. Estos resultados se analizan en una
muestra seleccionada particularizando aún más el campo de acción. En esta
dirección se ofrecen las conclusiones y recomendaciones de la investigación.
In Cuba, many attempts have been made by the government to contribute to the adaptation and improvement of the rural habitat due to the valuable productive progress that it brings to the country. However, the means and proposals implemented have not yielded satisfactory results. Housing, particularly in mountainous areas, is one of the most affected elements, especially architecturally. This research proposes the implementation of a participatory methodological tool, which facilitates the identification of the needs and expectations of the inhabitants of the community of San Blas, in terms of the architectural design of their home. Based on a practical and, above all, rural participatory diagnosis, the methodology is based on the use of techniques such as non-participatory observation and structured and semi-structured interviews with specialists, local actors and the community focal group, which make the inhabitants the protagonists of the research. The acquired information is submitted to a qualitative measurement process that goes from the general to a synthesis of the needs and expectations grouped by five dimensions - Environmental, Socio-cultural, Technical-constructive, Spatial functional and Expressive-formal. These results are analyzed in a selected sample, making the field of action even more particular. This is the direction in which the conclusions and recommendations of the research are offered.
In Cuba, many attempts have been made by the government to contribute to the adaptation and improvement of the rural habitat due to the valuable productive progress that it brings to the country. However, the means and proposals implemented have not yielded satisfactory results. Housing, particularly in mountainous areas, is one of the most affected elements, especially architecturally. This research proposes the implementation of a participatory methodological tool, which facilitates the identification of the needs and expectations of the inhabitants of the community of San Blas, in terms of the architectural design of their home. Based on a practical and, above all, rural participatory diagnosis, the methodology is based on the use of techniques such as non-participatory observation and structured and semi-structured interviews with specialists, local actors and the community focal group, which make the inhabitants the protagonists of the research. The acquired information is submitted to a qualitative measurement process that goes from the general to a synthesis of the needs and expectations grouped by five dimensions - Environmental, Socio-cultural, Technical-constructive, Spatial functional and Expressive-formal. These results are analyzed in a selected sample, making the field of action even more particular. This is the direction in which the conclusions and recommendations of the research are offered.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Vivienda rural, Necesidades, Expectativas, Metodología participativa, Rural housing, Expectations, Needs, Participatory methodological