Selección de una cepa de Trichoderma sp. como antagonista de patógenos del cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)
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Fecha
2015-07-08
Autores
Medina Rodríguez, Anaimy
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) es afectado por enfermedades fúngicas, entre las que se destacan por su importancia económica: el tizón tardío y temprano, las pudriciones secas y blandas. La aplicación de fungicidas de origen químico es el método de control más efectivo para combatirlas. Sin embargo, el costo total de su inversión para la protección y los daños al medio ambiente y al hombre, han conducido al desarrollo de medios alternativos para su manejo. El presente trabajo se propuso como objetivo general: seleccionar una cepa de Trichoderma sp. con antagonismo in vitro frente a patógenos del cultivo de la papa. Se caracterizaron las colonias, estructuras de reproducción y el crecimiento in vitro de diez cepas de Trichoderma spp. y se determinó su antagonismo. Se seleccionó la cepa con mejores resultados para observar la interacción de sus hifas y la producción de metabolitos volátiles y difundidos frente a los agentes causales de dichas enfermedades. Se identificaron diez cepas de Trichoderma spp., ocho de ellas hasta especie. Se comprobó que el antagonismo in vitro de Trichoderma spp. fue físico e hiperparasitario con intensidad elevada. Se seleccionó la cepa CCIBP-Trich 15 por su tasa de crecimiento y su capacidad antagónica con micoparasitismo y producción de metabolitos. Los resultados permitieron identificar y comprobar el antagonismo in vitro de Trichoderma spp. frente a cuatro patógenos del cultivo de la papa y su resultado principal es la selección de una cepa de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai con potencial como agente de biocontrol.
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop is affected by fungal diseases, which are characterized by economic importance: the early and late blight, soft and dry rot. The application of fungicides of chemical origin is the most effective control method for combat, however, the total cost of investment for the protection and the damage to the environment and man, has allowed the development of alternative for handling the same. The present investigation proposed general objective: Select a strain of Trichoderma sp. with antagonism in vitro against pathogens of potato cultivation. Colonies, reproductive structures and the in vitro growth of ten strains of Trichoderma spp characterized and their antagonism was determined. Was selected one strain with better results to observe the interaction of its hyphae and production of volatile and disseminated metabolites against the causal agents of these diseases. Ten strains of Trichoderma spp were identified. Eight of them to species. The in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp showed to be physical and hiperparasitario with high intensity. The strain CCIBP- Trich 15 was selected for their growth rate and their antagonistic capacity with micoparasitism and metabolites production. The results allowed to identify and verify the in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against four pathogens potato cultivation and its main result is the selection of a strain of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai as a potential biocontrol agent.
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop is affected by fungal diseases, which are characterized by economic importance: the early and late blight, soft and dry rot. The application of fungicides of chemical origin is the most effective control method for combat, however, the total cost of investment for the protection and the damage to the environment and man, has allowed the development of alternative for handling the same. The present investigation proposed general objective: Select a strain of Trichoderma sp. with antagonism in vitro against pathogens of potato cultivation. Colonies, reproductive structures and the in vitro growth of ten strains of Trichoderma spp characterized and their antagonism was determined. Was selected one strain with better results to observe the interaction of its hyphae and production of volatile and disseminated metabolites against the causal agents of these diseases. Ten strains of Trichoderma spp were identified. Eight of them to species. The in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp showed to be physical and hiperparasitario with high intensity. The strain CCIBP- Trich 15 was selected for their growth rate and their antagonistic capacity with micoparasitism and metabolites production. The results allowed to identify and verify the in vitro antagonism of Trichoderma spp. against four pathogens potato cultivation and its main result is the selection of a strain of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai as a potential biocontrol agent.
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Palabras clave
Trichoderma sp., Papa, Control Biológico