Evaluación técnico – económica de alternativas para la obtención de agua de enfriamiento a emplear en los motores de combustión interna de las baterías de Generación Distribuida
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Fecha
2007-06-25
Autores
Garay Hernández, Yenisley
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Editor
Universidad Cetral "Marta Abreu " de Las Villas
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio sobre el líquido refrigerante importado que se utiliza en las baterías de Generación Distribuida. Se hacen análisis para conocer las características, composición y comportamiento corrosivo de dicho refrigerante con el objetivo de valorar su posible sustitución por otro de producción nacional que sea más factible técnica y económicamente.
Se realizó análisis químico por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica al refrigerante usado y al que aun estaba almacenado y al agua suave. Esta última posee menor conductividad y sólidos disueltos que los dos refrigerantes y el usado contiene Cu y Zn disueltos lo cual es evidencia de la corrosión que produce este en el latón.
Se realizaron experiencias por métodos electroquímicos utilizando un potenciostato. Se utilizó como materiales de ensayo aleación de aluminio, hierro fundido, latón y acero de alto carbono y como medio electrolítico refrigerante usado, refrigerante sin usar, agua desionizada, agua destilada y agua suave. Estos experimentos se hicieron a 250C y 540C los que permitieron determinar la velocidad de corrosión para todos los sistemas. El refrigerante usado es el que en casi todos los casos produce la mayor velocidad de corrosión.
Se hace un análisis económico del refrigerante y se proponen varias alternativas de sustitución pudiendo ser la mejor variante el uso del agua suave ya que desde el punto de vista corrosivo es mejor o en algunos casos igual que los dos refrigerantes y es menos costosa que las demás agua analizadas. El refrigerante importado cuesta $4347 en una sola batería (emplazamiento Santa Clara 110 kV) para un llenado completo del sistema de refrigeración y el agua suave puede obtenerse a muy bajo costo o sin costo alguno.
Presently work was carried out a study on the imported cooling liquid that it is used in the batteries of Distributed Generation. Analysis was made to know the characteristics, composition and corrosive behavior of that cooling with the objective of valuing its possible substitution for another of national production that is more feasible technical and economically. It was carried out chemical analysis for espectrofotometría of atomic absorption to the cooling one used and to the one that was even stored and to the soft water. This last one possesses smaller conductivity and dissolved solids that both cooling, and the used contains Cu and Zn dissolved that which is evidence of the corrosion that produces this in the brass. They were carried out experiences for electrochemical methods using a potenciostato. It was used as materials of rehearsal aluminum alloy, fused iron, brass and steel of high carbon and like half electrolytic cooling used, cooling without using, desionizada, distilled and soft water. These experiments were made at 25 0C and 54 0C those that allowed to determine the corrosion rate for all the systems. The cooling one used it is the one that in almost all the cases produce the biggest corrosion rate. An economic analysis of the cooling one is made and it intend several substitution alternatives being able to be since the best variant the use of the soft water from the corrosive point of view it is better or in some cases the same as both cooling and it is less expensive than the analyzed other water. The import cooling represents $4347 in a single battery (The Santa Clara 110 kV) for a filled complete of the refrigeration system and the soft water can be obtained at very low cost or without cost some.
Presently work was carried out a study on the imported cooling liquid that it is used in the batteries of Distributed Generation. Analysis was made to know the characteristics, composition and corrosive behavior of that cooling with the objective of valuing its possible substitution for another of national production that is more feasible technical and economically. It was carried out chemical analysis for espectrofotometría of atomic absorption to the cooling one used and to the one that was even stored and to the soft water. This last one possesses smaller conductivity and dissolved solids that both cooling, and the used contains Cu and Zn dissolved that which is evidence of the corrosion that produces this in the brass. They were carried out experiences for electrochemical methods using a potenciostato. It was used as materials of rehearsal aluminum alloy, fused iron, brass and steel of high carbon and like half electrolytic cooling used, cooling without using, desionizada, distilled and soft water. These experiments were made at 25 0C and 54 0C those that allowed to determine the corrosion rate for all the systems. The cooling one used it is the one that in almost all the cases produce the biggest corrosion rate. An economic analysis of the cooling one is made and it intend several substitution alternatives being able to be since the best variant the use of the soft water from the corrosive point of view it is better or in some cases the same as both cooling and it is less expensive than the analyzed other water. The import cooling represents $4347 in a single battery (The Santa Clara 110 kV) for a filled complete of the refrigeration system and the soft water can be obtained at very low cost or without cost some.
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Palabras clave
Espectrofotometría, Líquido Refrigerante, Baterías de Generación Distribuida, Corrosión, Agua Suave