Procedimiento general para el ruteo de vehículos a partir de la conformación de la carga. Aplicación en la distribución de productos en el Complejo de turismo Topes de Collantes
Fecha
2011-07-25
Autores
Figueredo Muñoz, Kenil Jesús
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
A partir de la revisión bibliográfica realizada en la presente investigación, han sido detectadas
un grupo de deficiencias en el ruteo de vehículos que están relacionadas con las técnicas y
métodos utilizados para realizar la actividad de ruteo. Éstas van más a la solución del problema
que a establecer procedimientos que guíen todo el proceso de establecer las rutas de
distribución; la mayoría de los métodos se enfocan en decidir la “mejor” ruta de una forma
monocriterial, sin tomar en consideración más de un criterio, ni la naturaleza de la carga a
transportar, ni la influencia que pueda tener ésta en el diseño o trazado de la ruta de
distribución.
Los métodos de solución encontrados no permiten realizar las fases constructivas y de
mejoramiento considerando criterios múltiples, tanto para la selección de las “mejores” rutas
como para evaluar las mejoras; por otra parte, los procedimientos registrados en la literatura no
integran la selección del tipo de problema de ruteo con el método de solución, evidencia fiel de
esta afirmación es la no aparición en la literatura consultada de algoritmos que integren la
conformación de la carga al problema de ruteo.
Se hace necesario por medio de la presente investigación, contribuir a superar estas
deficiencias, mediante el desarrollo de un procedimiento general para el ruteo de vehículos
partir de la conformación de la carga, de forma tal que se considere la selección de la “mejor”
vía entre nodos/clientes, la selección del tipo de problema de ruteo y el método de solución del
mismo, así como su posterior mejoramiento.
Como parte de la comprobación de la hipótesis de la investigación se aplicó parcialmente el
procedimiento general en el Complejo de turismo Topes de Collantes en la distribución de
productos múltiples obteniéndose ahorros por 5844.6 $/año.
From the bibliographical revision realized in the present investigation, they have been detected a group of deficiencies in the route of vehicles that are related to the techniques and used methods to realize the route activity. These go more to the solution of the problem that to establish procedures that guide all the process to establish the distribution routes; the majority of the methods focuses in deciding “the better” route of a monocriterial form, without considering but from a criterion, neither the nature of the load to transport or nor the influence that can have this one in the design or drawing up of the distribution route. The found methods of solution do not allow to realize the constructive phases and of improvement being considered multiple criteria, as much for the selection of “the better” routes like evaluating the improvements; on the other hand, the procedures registered in Literature do not integrate the selection of the kind of problem of route with the solution method, demonstrates faithful of this affirmation is the nonappearance in the consulted Literature of algorithms that integrate the conformation of the load to the routing problem. It becomes necessary by means of the present investigation, to contribute to overcome these deficiencies, by means of the development of a general procedure for the route of vehicles to start off of the conformation of the load, so that one considers the selection of the “best one” via between nodes/clients, the selection of the kind of routing problem and the method of solution of the same, demonstrating this way the handling of multiple criteria for the construction of the routes, as well as its later improvement. As it leaves from the test of hypothesis of the investigation were partially applied the general procedure in the Topes de Collantes tourism Complex in the multiple product distribution obtaining savings by 5844.6 $/year.
From the bibliographical revision realized in the present investigation, they have been detected a group of deficiencies in the route of vehicles that are related to the techniques and used methods to realize the route activity. These go more to the solution of the problem that to establish procedures that guide all the process to establish the distribution routes; the majority of the methods focuses in deciding “the better” route of a monocriterial form, without considering but from a criterion, neither the nature of the load to transport or nor the influence that can have this one in the design or drawing up of the distribution route. The found methods of solution do not allow to realize the constructive phases and of improvement being considered multiple criteria, as much for the selection of “the better” routes like evaluating the improvements; on the other hand, the procedures registered in Literature do not integrate the selection of the kind of problem of route with the solution method, demonstrates faithful of this affirmation is the nonappearance in the consulted Literature of algorithms that integrate the conformation of the load to the routing problem. It becomes necessary by means of the present investigation, to contribute to overcome these deficiencies, by means of the development of a general procedure for the route of vehicles to start off of the conformation of the load, so that one considers the selection of the “best one” via between nodes/clients, the selection of the kind of routing problem and the method of solution of the same, demonstrating this way the handling of multiple criteria for the construction of the routes, as well as its later improvement. As it leaves from the test of hypothesis of the investigation were partially applied the general procedure in the Topes de Collantes tourism Complex in the multiple product distribution obtaining savings by 5844.6 $/year.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Ruteo de Vehículos, Complejo de Turismo Topes de Collantes