Evaluación del impacto ambiental de los proyectos hidráulicos en la Empresa de Investigación y Proyectos Hidráulicos en Villa Clara (EIPH-VC).
Fecha
2012-07-21
Autores
Isidro Díaz-Véliz, Lumeidy
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En Cuba el recurso natural agua es un recurso escaso, dada la disposición geográfica del país no hay condiciones para la existencia de grandes cuencas hidrográficas, según datos del PNUMA y la OMM del año 2011, Cuba exhibe uno de los valores más bajos de disponibilidad por habitante de todo el continente (1220 m3/año por habitante), la disponibilidad de este recurso para el desarrollo económico y social del país depende en gran medida del diseño eficiente que se realice de las redes de distribución y abasto del recurso asi como de otras obras hidráulicas. En correspondencia con lo anterior, el presente Trabajo de Diploma resume los resultados de una investigación que tiene como objetivo la aplicación de un procedimiento para la evaluación del impacto ambiental que posibilite la reducción de daños ocasionados por las acciones de proyectos hidráulicos, adaptado al contexto de las empresas de base tecnológica de producciones por proyecto tomando como objeto de estudio práctico la Empresa de Investigaciones y Proyectos Hidráulico de Villa Clara (EIPH VC). Con este fin se realizó unan revisión bibliográfica abordando el tema del análisis de la fiabilidad ambiental. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se utilizó un procedimiento basado en una técnica de evaluación de impactos ambientales adaptado a las condiciones de la entidad objeto de estudio. Para la ejecución del procedimiento se utilizaron métodos ambientales y de expertos, y matrices de impacto ambiental como matiz de Leopòld y Bartelle- Columbos. Como principales resultados se logró diseñar con ayuda de los expertos las matrices de identificación e importancia, para, de esta forma obtener los indicadores de alto impacto ambiental; se proponen, además, las principales acciones correctivas y preventivas ante estos impactos ambientales.
In Cuba the natural resource water is a limited resource, given the geographic disposition of the country are no conditions for the stock of great hydrographic river basins, according to data of the UNEP and the OMM of year 2011, Cuba exhibits one of the lowest values of availability by inhabitant of all the continent (1220 m3/years by inhabitant), the availability of this resource for the economic and social development of the country depends to a great extent on the efficient design that is realized of the networks of distribution and supply of the resource as well as of other hydraulic works. In correspondence with the previous thing, the present Diploma Work summarizes the results of an investigation that has like objective the application of a procedure for the evaluation of the environmental impact that makes possible the reduction of damages caused by the shares of hydraulic projects, adapted to the context of the basic companies technological of productions by project taking as object from practical study the enterprise of and investigation y project hydraulic of Villa Clara (EIPH VC). With this end was realized a bibliographical revision approaching the subject of the analysis of the environmental reliability. For the development of the work a procedure based on a technique of evaluation of environmental impacts adapted to the conditions of the organization was used study object. For the execution of the procedure were used environmental methods and of experts, and parent companies of environmental impact. As main results were managed to design with the help of the experts the parent companies of identification and importance, to obtain the indicators of high environmental impact; and set out, in addition, the main remedial actions and preventive before these environmental impacts.
In Cuba the natural resource water is a limited resource, given the geographic disposition of the country are no conditions for the stock of great hydrographic river basins, according to data of the UNEP and the OMM of year 2011, Cuba exhibits one of the lowest values of availability by inhabitant of all the continent (1220 m3/years by inhabitant), the availability of this resource for the economic and social development of the country depends to a great extent on the efficient design that is realized of the networks of distribution and supply of the resource as well as of other hydraulic works. In correspondence with the previous thing, the present Diploma Work summarizes the results of an investigation that has like objective the application of a procedure for the evaluation of the environmental impact that makes possible the reduction of damages caused by the shares of hydraulic projects, adapted to the context of the basic companies technological of productions by project taking as object from practical study the enterprise of and investigation y project hydraulic of Villa Clara (EIPH VC). With this end was realized a bibliographical revision approaching the subject of the analysis of the environmental reliability. For the development of the work a procedure based on a technique of evaluation of environmental impacts adapted to the conditions of the organization was used study object. For the execution of the procedure were used environmental methods and of experts, and parent companies of environmental impact. As main results were managed to design with the help of the experts the parent companies of identification and importance, to obtain the indicators of high environmental impact; and set out, in addition, the main remedial actions and preventive before these environmental impacts.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Cuencas Hidrográficas, Desarrollo Económico y Social, Empresa de Investigación y Proyectos Hidráulicos, Villa Clara, Proyectos Hidráulicos, Impacto Ambiental