Plantas arvenses presentes en el cultivo del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) en época de siembra intermedia y su influencia en el rendimiento agrícola.
Fecha
2019-06
Autores
Martínez Campos, Pedro
Montes de Oca Fuentes, Manuel Emilio
Rodríguez Seijo, Isbel
Alvarez Hernández, Ubaldo Acelio
Cruz Limonte, Arahis
Gil Díaz, Víctor Daniel
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La investigación se realizó en el período comprendido de diciembre de 2017 a marzo de 2018 en la Finca “San José”, perteneciente a la Cooperativa de Créditos y Servicios “El Vaquerito” del municipio Santa Clara, con el objetivo de reconocer las plantas arvenses presentes en el cultivo del frijol común y su influencia sobre el rendimiento agrícola en época de siembra intermedia. La siembra del cultivar “Milagro Villareño” se realizó el 9 de diciembre de 2017, sobre un suelo Pardo mullido medianamente lavado, en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres tratamientos y tres réplicas. Para la determinación de la composición de la población de arvenses se realizaron cinco muestreos por el método de las diagonales. Se determinaron los índices de abundancia relativa y similitud de las arvenses. La cosecha se efectuó a los 87 días después de la siembra, momento en que fueron elegidas al azar cinco plantas por parcelas para un total de 15 por cada tratamiento, a las que se les evaluó: legumbres efectivas por planta, semillas efectivas por legumbre y semillas efectivas por planta; así como la masa de 100 semillas efectivas por tratamientos. También, fueron estimados los rendimientos agrícolas (t ha-1) en cada tratamiento. La población de arvenses estuvo representada por 15 especies, de las cuales Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. y Portulaca oleraceae L. alcanzaron los mayores valores de abundancia relativa. El mayor rendimiento agrícola se obtuvo cuando se aplicó control de arvenses hasta los 60 días después de la siembra (tratamiento 1).
Research was carried out in the period from December 2017 to March 2018 in the "San José" farm, belonging to the Credit and Services Cooperative "El Vaquerito" of Santa Clara municipality, with the objective of recognizing the existing weeds in the common bean crop and its influence on agricultural yield in intermediate sowing season. The sowing of the cultivar "Milagro Villareño" took place on December 9, 2017, on a moderately washed soft Brown soil, in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. To determine the composition of the population of weeds, five samples were taken by the diagonal method. The indices of relative abundance and similarity of the weeds were determined. The harvest was made at 87 days after sowing, at which time five plants were randomly chosen by plots for a total of 15 for each treatment, to which were evaluated: effective legumes per plant, effective seeds per legume and effective seeds per plant; as well as the mass of 100 effective seeds per treatments. Agricultural yields (t ha-1) were also estimated in each treatment. The population of weeds was represented by 15 species, of which Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. and Portulaca oleraceae L. reached the highest values of relative abundance. The highest agricultural yield was obtained when weed control was applied up to 60 days after the sowing (treatment 1).
Research was carried out in the period from December 2017 to March 2018 in the "San José" farm, belonging to the Credit and Services Cooperative "El Vaquerito" of Santa Clara municipality, with the objective of recognizing the existing weeds in the common bean crop and its influence on agricultural yield in intermediate sowing season. The sowing of the cultivar "Milagro Villareño" took place on December 9, 2017, on a moderately washed soft Brown soil, in a randomized block design with three treatments and three replications. To determine the composition of the population of weeds, five samples were taken by the diagonal method. The indices of relative abundance and similarity of the weeds were determined. The harvest was made at 87 days after sowing, at which time five plants were randomly chosen by plots for a total of 15 for each treatment, to which were evaluated: effective legumes per plant, effective seeds per legume and effective seeds per plant; as well as the mass of 100 effective seeds per treatments. Agricultural yields (t ha-1) were also estimated in each treatment. The population of weeds was represented by 15 species, of which Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. and Portulaca oleraceae L. reached the highest values of relative abundance. The highest agricultural yield was obtained when weed control was applied up to 60 days after the sowing (treatment 1).
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Índice de Abundancia Relativa, Ïndice de Similitud, Rendimiento Agrícola, Index of Relative Abundance, Index of Similarity, Agricultural Yield