Diseño de un programa educativo de intervención comunitaria para contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de pacientes hipertensos
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Pozo González, Anabel
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Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
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La hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad crónica donde el autocuidado y las prácticas saludables son elementos de alto valor. Con la finalidad de propiciar comportamientos adecuados para elevar la calidad de vida de pacientes hipertensos que consumen Amlodipino en el consultorio 16-2 perteneciente al Policlínico “Santa Clara” en Villa Clara, Cuba, y debido a que resulta insuficiente la participación de esta población en las actividades encaminadas a promover estilos de vida saludables, se diseñó un programa educativo para el desarrollo de una intervención comunitaria. Con este fin se analizaron las historias clínicas de los mismos, se aplicó una encuesta y se caracterizó su fragilidad clínica mediante el marcado de una planilla. Como resultado, se determinó que se requiere incrementar los conocimientos acerca del Amlodipino y que existe una prevalencia en los estilos de vida sedentarios, malos hábitos alimentarios y consumo de alcohol, cigarro y café. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres macro grupos para facilitar el desarrollo de las actividades. Se definieron como actores sociales: activistas de salud, Licenciados en Cultura Física, médicos y enfermeras del consultorio médico. El programa educativo tuvo como metas la promoción de estilos de vida saludables, modificación de factores sociales que favorezcan la actividad física, una mejor alimentación y elevar los conocimientos sobre el Amlodipino. Se diseñaron actividades utilizando técnicas tales como: tormenta de ideas, demostración, taller, discusión de grupo y video debate. Se propuso un cronograma para la ejecución del programa y el modo de evaluar su efectividad.
Palabras clave: Hipertensión arterial, Amlodipino, programa educativo.
Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease where self-care and healthy practices are highly valuable elements. In order to promote appropriate behaviors to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients which consume Amlodipine in 16-2 medical office, belonging to the "Santa Clara" Polyclinic, in Villa Clara, Cuba, and due to the insufficient participation of this population in activities aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles, an educational program was designed for the development of a community intervention. To this end, their medical records were analyzed, a survey was applied and their clinical frailty was characterized by marking a spreadsheet. As a result, It was evidenced the necessity to increase knowledge about Amlodipine and there was a prevalence in sedentary lifestyles, bad eating habits and consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and coffee. The patients were distributed into three macro groups to facilitate the development of activities. Social actors were defined as: health activists, professionals in Physical Culture, physicians and nurses from the medical office. The educational program had as goals the promotion of healthy lifestyles, modification of social factors that favor physical activity, suggestions for a better diet, and raising knowledge about Amlodipine. Activities were designed using techniques such as: brainstorming, demonstration, workshop, group discussion, and video debate. A timetable for the execution of the program was proposed and a way to evaluate its effectiveness. Key words: Hypertension, Amlodipine, educational program.
Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease where self-care and healthy practices are highly valuable elements. In order to promote appropriate behaviors to improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients which consume Amlodipine in 16-2 medical office, belonging to the "Santa Clara" Polyclinic, in Villa Clara, Cuba, and due to the insufficient participation of this population in activities aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles, an educational program was designed for the development of a community intervention. To this end, their medical records were analyzed, a survey was applied and their clinical frailty was characterized by marking a spreadsheet. As a result, It was evidenced the necessity to increase knowledge about Amlodipine and there was a prevalence in sedentary lifestyles, bad eating habits and consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and coffee. The patients were distributed into three macro groups to facilitate the development of activities. Social actors were defined as: health activists, professionals in Physical Culture, physicians and nurses from the medical office. The educational program had as goals the promotion of healthy lifestyles, modification of social factors that favor physical activity, suggestions for a better diet, and raising knowledge about Amlodipine. Activities were designed using techniques such as: brainstorming, demonstration, workshop, group discussion, and video debate. A timetable for the execution of the program was proposed and a way to evaluate its effectiveness. Key words: Hypertension, Amlodipine, educational program.