Influencia de aislados bacterianos endófitos sobre el desarrollo del cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) en condiciones controladas.
Fecha
2011-07-07
Autores
Raymundo Pérez, Francisco
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de aislados
bacterianos endófitos sobre el desarrollo del cultivo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench) var. UDG 110 en condiciones controladas, así como dilucidar algunos de
sus posibles mecanismos de acción para la estimulación. Se aplicaron técnicas
microbiológicas para el aislamiento en diferentes fases fenológicas del cultivo, los
cuales fueron caracterizados morfológicamente teniendo en cuenta su crecimiento,
color, mucosidad, bordes, elevación y respuesta de las células bacterianas a la
tinción de Gram de las colonias. La producción de auxinas (acido indol-3-acético,
AIA) se determinó por el método de Salkowski el cual es un mecanismos de
acción de las rizobacterias para la estimulación del crecimiento de los cultivos.
Mediante un experimento en condiciones controladas se pudo dilucidar el efecto
de los aislados sobre parámetros de crecimiento del cultivo, la biomasa y el
contenido de nitrógeno (N) total de las plantas. Los resultados demostraron la
efectividad de las técnicas empleadas para el aislamiento y caracterización de los
endófitos y se obtuvieron 37 diferentes aislados de las fases fenológicas
evaluadas. La obtención de varios aislados productores de AIA resultó de gran
importancia para determinar el mecanismo de estimulación de los mismos; se
destacó la cepa 22 como la más prominente en este parámetro. Los resultados en condiciones controladas evidenciaron la capacidad de varios endófitos de
estimular significativamente el masa fresca y seca del follaje y la raíz, así como el
largo de la raíz y el contenido de N total de las plantas, se destacaron los aislados
5, 8 (aislados a los 7 días), 22 (aislado a los 60 días) y el 36 (aislado de las
semillas). Estos resultados demuestran la efectividad de la aplicación de
microorganismos endofíticos para lograr incrementos en los parámetros de
crecimiento de este importante grano, así como para la ulterior producción de
inoculantes a base de cepas nativas eficientes.
This study aims to determine the effect of endophytic bacterial isolates on the development of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) var. UDG 110 in controlled conditions, besides to elucidate some possible action mechanisms for the stimulation. Microbiological techniques were used for isolation in different phenological phases of the cultivation, which were morphologically characterized considering their growth, color, mucus, borders, elevation and the Gram stain of the colonies. The auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) production was studied by Salkowski method, which is an action mechanism of the rhizobacteria for the crop stimulation. By an experiment in controlled conditions could elucidate the effect of isolates on crop growth parameters, plant biomass and total nitrogen (N) content in plants. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the techniques used for the isolation and characterization of endophytes, obtaining 37 different isolates on the phenological stages evaluated. The obtaining of several isolates producing IAA was very significant to determine their stimulation mechanism, whereas the isolate 22 was the most prominent in this parameter. The results in controlled conditions showed the ability of several endophytes to stimulate significantly the fresh and dry shoot and roots weight, the root length and total N content of plants, resulting the most relevant the isolates the 5, 8 (isolated at 7 days), 22 (isolated at 60 days) and 36 (isolated from the seeds). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the implementation of endophytic microorganisms to achieve increases in growth parameters of this important grain and for the further production of inoculants based on efficient native strains.
This study aims to determine the effect of endophytic bacterial isolates on the development of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) var. UDG 110 in controlled conditions, besides to elucidate some possible action mechanisms for the stimulation. Microbiological techniques were used for isolation in different phenological phases of the cultivation, which were morphologically characterized considering their growth, color, mucus, borders, elevation and the Gram stain of the colonies. The auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) production was studied by Salkowski method, which is an action mechanism of the rhizobacteria for the crop stimulation. By an experiment in controlled conditions could elucidate the effect of isolates on crop growth parameters, plant biomass and total nitrogen (N) content in plants. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the techniques used for the isolation and characterization of endophytes, obtaining 37 different isolates on the phenological stages evaluated. The obtaining of several isolates producing IAA was very significant to determine their stimulation mechanism, whereas the isolate 22 was the most prominent in this parameter. The results in controlled conditions showed the ability of several endophytes to stimulate significantly the fresh and dry shoot and roots weight, the root length and total N content of plants, resulting the most relevant the isolates the 5, 8 (isolated at 7 days), 22 (isolated at 60 days) and 36 (isolated from the seeds). These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the implementation of endophytic microorganisms to achieve increases in growth parameters of this important grain and for the further production of inoculants based on efficient native strains.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sorgo, Auxinas